This thesis is a report on a pottery analysis which was carried out in the laboratory of the Department of Anthropology at Portland State University. The earthenware materials involved were collected from three surface sites on Batan Island, Philippines, during the summer of 1969. The interpretation of these potteries was based upon the direct-historical approach to archaeological research. The use of this method was proposed after a cursory examination of the earthenwares revealed certain general similarities between the archaeological potteries and the ethnographically-known wares produced in the area at the present time. One of the sites was a known habitation, and the wares in this collection were analyzed to determine the characteristic ceramic attributes exhibited by the sherds. A comparison of these attributes with those noted in the collections from the other two sites revealed that the surface treatment and vessel form of all the wares were similar enough to indicate only a minimal amount of functional variation between the sites. Ethnographic data concerning the manufacture and use of contemporary earthenwares in the town of Uyogan, on Batan Island, revealed that these potteries are all strictly utilitarian, and are used primarily in the preparation, handling, or storage of foodstuffs. By inferring similar uses for similar items in the past, the three collections of earthenwares appear to have been directly associated with habitation activities. Ethnographic and archaeological evidence from other areas in the Philippines indicate that the materials from Batan are also comparable to earthenware items produced elsewhere for "kitchen" purposes. The three surface collections of Filipino earthenwares have been analyzed with reference to function and use. It has been found that these materials are representative of the potteries used ethnographically in habitation activities in the area, and that the differences between the three collections may be attributable to diachronic rather than synchronic variation. It is argued that once the characteristic ceramic attributes for any particular site are determined, their functional interdependence with habitation activities can be demonstrated. It is concluded that the direct-historical and ethnohistorical approaches can be utilized in the determination of site activities based upon the archaeological potteries found in them.

Marayniyoq, A Wari Establishment in Ayacucho Valley, PerúIn this paper we discuss the initial results of archaeological excavation carried out at Marayniyoq, a specialized Wari facility in the Ayacucho Valley, Peru. The discovery of a series of flat worked stones used for grinding, along with rocker grinders strongly suggests that the role of Marayniyoq was focused on grain processing, probably grinding corn. Because the grinding stones are immense cut blocks it is also apparent that enormous human energy was invested in the preparation, transportation and final setup of the facility. At the same time, the presence of large ceramic vessels and other evidence suggests that the function of Marayniyoq was the grinding of malted corn (qora) for corn-beer production. / En este trabajo se dan a conocer los resultados de las excavaciones efectuadas en Marayniyoq, un centro especializado wari del valle de Ayacucho. El descubrimiento de una serie de batanes y sus respectivas moliendas indican que éste fue un establecimiento destinado al procesamiento de granos, como el maíz. Puesto que estos batanes consisten en grandes bloques de piedra labrada, queda también manifiesto que se invirtió una enorme actividad humana en su preparación, traslado y construcción final. A su vez, la presencia de vasijas y evidencias adicionales tienden a sugerir que la función de Marayniyoq se relacionaba con el procesamiento de maíz y la producción de chicha.