Following the discovery of the Higgs-like boson at the Large Hadron Collider, there is demand for precision measurements on recent findings. The Compact Linear Collider, CLIC, is a candidate for a future linear electron-positron collider for such precision measurements. In CLIC, the beams will be brought to collisions in the multi-TeV regime through high gradient acceleration with high frequency RF power. A high intensity electron beam, the so-called drive beam, will serve as the power source for the main beam, as the drive beam is decelerated in special structures, from which power is extracted and transfered to the main beam. When the drive beam is decelerated the beam quality deteriorates and the momentum spread increases, which makes the beam transport challenging. Dedicated diagnostics to monitor the momentum profile along each bunch train and transverse profile diagnostics will be needed to guarantee the reliability of the decelerator and consequently the power source of the main beam acceleration. A test facility, CTF3, has been constructed at CERN to validate key technical aspects of the CLIC concept. The beam quality in the decelerator will be investigated in the test beam line, TBL, where several power extraction structures reduce the drive beam energy by up to 55%. At the same time, the single-bunch rms energy spread grows from the initial value of 1% to almost 6%. To monitor the parameters of such a beam is challenging but crucial for the optimization of the beamline. In this thesis we report on progress made on adapting generally used methods for beam profile measurements to the demanding conditions of a wide momentum profile. Two detector technologies are used for measuring transverse profile and momentum profile and we discuss the performance of these instruments, in the view of the large momentum spread and with the outlook towards equivalent beam profile monitors in the CLIC decelerator.

The work for this thesis is in line with the field of Instrumentation for Particle Accelerators, so called Beam Diagnostics. It is presented the development of a series of electro-mechanical devices called Inductive Pick-Ups (IPU) for Beam Position Monitoring (BPM). A full set of 17 BPM units (16 + 1 spare), named BPS units, were built and installed into the Test Beam Line (TBL), an electron beam decelerator, of the 3rd CLIC Test Facility (CTF3) at CERN ¿European Organization for the Nuclear Research¿. The CTF3, built at CERN by an international collaboration, was meant to demonstrate the technical feasibility of the key concepts for CLIC ¿Compact Linear Collider¿ as a future linear collider based on the novel two-beam acceleration scheme, and in order to achieve the next energy frontier for a lepton collider in theMulti-TeV scale. Modern particle accelerators and in particular future colliders like CLIC requires an extreme alignment and stabilization of the beam in order to enhance its quality, which rely heavily on a beam based alignment techniques. Here the BPMs, like the BPS-IPU, play an important role providing the beam position with precision and high resolution, besides a beam current measurement in the case of the BPS, along the beam lines. The BPS project carried out at IFIC was mainly developed in two phases: prototyping and series production and test for the TBL. In the first project phase two fully functional BPS prototypes were constructed, focusing in this thesis work on the electronic design of the BPS on-board PCBs (Printed Circuit Boards) which are based on transformers for the current sensing and beam position measurement. Furthermore, it is described the monitor mechanical design with emphasis on all the parts directly involved in its electromagnetic functioning, as a result of the coupling of the EM fields generated by the beam with those parts. For that, it was studied its operational parameters, according the TBL specifications, and it was also simulated a new circuital model reproducing the BPS monitor frequency response for its operational bandwidth (1kHz-100MHz). These prototypes were initially tested in the laboratories of the BI-PI section¿Beam Instrumentation - Position and Intensity¿ at CERN. In the second project phase the BPS monitor series, which were built based on the experience acquired during the prototyping phase, the work was focused on the realization of the characterization tests to measure the main operational parameters of each series monitor, for which it was designed and constructed two test benches with different purposes and frequency regions. The first one is designed to work in the low frequency region, between 1kHz-100MHz, in the time scale of the electron beam pulse with a repetition period of 1s and an approximate duration of 140ns. This kind of test setups called Wire Test-bench are commonly used in the accelerators instrumentation field in order to determine the characteristic parameters of a BPM (or pick-up) like its linearity and precision in the position measurement, and also its frequency response (bandwidth). This is done by emulating a low current intensity beam with a stretched wire carrying a current signals which can be precisely positioned with respect the device under test. This test bench was specifically made for the BPS monitor and conceived to perform the measurement data acquisition in an automated way, managing the measurement equipment and the wire positioning motors controller from a PC workstation. Each one of the BPS monitors series were characterized by using this system at the IFIC labs, and the test results and analysis are presented in this work. On the other hand, the high frequency tests, above the X band in the microwave spectrum and at the time scale of the micro-bunch pulses with a bunching period of 83ps (12GHz) inside a long 140ns pulse, were performed in order to measure the longitudinal impedance of the BPS monitor. This must be low enough in order to minimize the perturbations on the beam produced at crossing the monitor, which affects to its stability during the propagation along the line. For that, it was built the high frequency test bench as a coaxial waveguide structure of 24mm diameter matched at 50¿ and with a bandwidth from 18MHz to 30GHz, which was previously simulated, and having room in the middle to place the BPS as the device under test. This high frequency test bench is able to reproduce the TEM (Transversal Electro-Magnetic) propagative modes corresponding to an ultra-relativistic electron beam of 12GHz bunching frequency, so that the Scattering parameters can be measured to obtain the longitudinal impedance of the BPS in the frequency range of interest. Finally, it is also presented the results of the beam test made in the TBL line, with beam currents from 3.5A to 13A (max. available at the moment of the test). In order to determine the minimum resolution attainable by a BPS monitor in the measurement of the beam position, being the device figure of merit, with a resolution goal of 5¿m at maximum beam current of 28A according to the TBL specifications. / García Garrigós, JJ. (2013). Development of the Beam Position Monitors for the Diagnostics of the Test Beam Line in the CTF3 at CERN [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/34327

[EN] The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is an electron-positron collider conceived for the study of High-Energy Physics in the TeV center of mass energy region, is based on a two-beam operation principle: instead of using active elements (klystrons), the necessary RF power to accelerate the Main Beam (MB) is obtained from the deceleration of a high-current, moderate energy Drive Beam (DB) in the so-called Power Extraction and Transfer Structures (PETS). These structures emit an RF signal of about 130 MW power at 12 GHz. As this frequency is above the cut-o ff frequency of the fundamental mode for the specified beam pipe dimensions (7.6 GHz), the inference propagates from the PETS to the neighboring devices, including the Beam Position Monitors (BPM). According to the CLIC Conceptual Design Report (CDR), an ef ficient beam position monitoring system for the CLIC DB decelerator needs to meet the following requirements: - It should be as simple and economic as possible, as 41580 units are required, amounting to 75% of all CLIC BPMs. - The signal processing scheme should not be a ffected by the PETS interference. This rules out processing the signals at the beam bunching frequency (12 GHz). - The resulting position signal should detect changes in the beam position whose duration is 10 ns or longer. - The required spatial resolution is 2 um for a 23 mm diameter vacuum pipe. - Wide dynamic range: the electronic acquisition system must be able to process signals with extreme levels, induced by either very high (100 A) or very low (3 A) current beams. This PhD thesis describes the electromagnetic and mechanical design of the first prototype BPM developed for the CLIC Drive Beam and its characterization tests in laboratory and with beam. The first two chapters introduce the CLIC project and review the state-of-the-art beam position monitoring techniques. Chapter 3 presents the design of the BPM. The stripline technology has been selected, as it is the only one among the most commonly used BPM techniques to present a suitable frequency response to filter out the RF interference caused by the PETS. Choosing an appropriate length for the electrodes, it is possible to tune one the periodic notches in the stripline frequency response to 12 GHz. The influence of di erent electromagnetic and geometrical aspects is also studied, such as beam coupling impedance or the ratio between longitudinal and transverse dimensions. The design of the electronic acquisition system is presented in Chapter 4, considering the project requirements in terms of resolution (2 u m), accuracy (20 um) and time resolution (10 ns). Due to the high amount of units required, the number of electronics components has been minimized. As the designed signal processing scheme is based on charge integration, it can be adapted to di erent stripline pick-ups by simply modifying the attenuator settings according to the required output signal levels. The laboratory characterization tests of the prototype stripline BPM, in the low and the high frequency ranges, performed with a thin wire and a coaxial waveguide, respectively, are described in Chapter 5. The measurement results are compared with the theoretical estimation and the electromagnetic field simulations. In addition, the high-frequency test reveals that the first prototype stripline BPM does not provide su cient suppression of the 12 GHz PETS RF interference. An additional study proposed several modifications and guidelines for a second prototype stripline BPM. Finally, Chapter 6 presents the beam tests of the prototype stripline BPM at the CLIC Test Facility 3 (CTF3) in the Test Beam Line (TBL), a scaled version of the CLIC Drive Beam decelerator. Two types of tests were performed: linearity/sensivity and resolution. These results are compared to the ones in the laboratory characterization tests. An upper bound of the resolution is estimated performing a Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) analysis. / [ES] El Colisionador Lineal Compacto (Compact Linear Collider, CLIC), un colisionador de electrones y positrones concebido en el CERN para el estudio de la Física de Altas Energías en la región de los TeV, se basa en un principio de funcionamiento de doble haz: en lugar de emplear elementos activos (klystrons) para proporcionar la potencia RF requerida para acelerar el haz principal (Main Beam, MB), ésta se obtiene de la deceleración de un haz secundario (Drive Beam, DB), de alta corriente y energía moderada, en las llamadas estructuras de extracción y transferencia de potencia (Power Extraction and Transfer Structures, PETS). Estas estructuras emiten una señal interferente RF de más de 130 MW de potencia a 12 GHz, que, por estar localizada en una frecuencia superior a la de corte del modo fundamental en el tubo de vacío del haz (7.6 GHz), se propaga por éste hacia los dispositivos adyacentes, entre los cuales se encuentran los sistemas de monitorización de la posición (Beam Position Monitor, BPM). De acuerdo con el informe conceptual de diseño de CLIC (Conceptual Design Report, CDR) , un sistema eficiente de monitorización de la posición del haz en el decelerador del haz secundario deberá cumplir los siguientes requisitos: - Debe ser lo más sencillo y económico posible, ya que se precisan 41580 unidades: el 75% de todos los BPMs de CLIC. - El procesado de señal en el sistema de adquisición deberá ser inmune a la interferencia generada en las PETS. Esto excluye la solución habitual de procesar las señales del BPM a la frecuencia de pulsado del haz (12 GHz). - La señal de posición resultante del procesado debe ser capaz de detectar cambios en la posición del haz de duración igual o mayor a 10 ns (resolución temporal). - La resolución espacial requerida es de 2 um para un tubo de vacío de 23 mm de diámetro, con una calibración precisa. - Amplio rango dinámico: el sistema electrónico de adquisición del BPM debe poder resistir los altos valores de señal provocados por los casos de desviación extrema del haz nominal (se contempla una desviación máxima de la mitad del radio del tubo), así como detectar las señales inducidas por las configuraciones de haz con menor carga de todas las previstas, cuyos niveles serán muy débiles. / [CA] El Col·lisionador Lineal Compacte (Compact Linear Collider, CLIC), un col·lisionador d'electrons i positrons concebut per l'estudi de la Física d'Altes Energies a la regió dels TeV (energía del centre de massa), es basa en un principi de funcionament de doble feix:en lloc de fer servir elements actius (klystrons) per proporcionar la potència RF requerida per accelerar el feix principal (Main Beam, MB), aquesta s'obtè de la desacceleració d'un feix secundari (Drive Beam, DB), d'alt corrent i energia moderada, a les anomenades estructures d'extracció i transferència de potència (Power Extraction and Transfer Structures, PETS). Aquestes estructures emeten una senyal interferent RF de més de 130 MW de potència a 12 GHz, que, pel fet d'estar localitzada a una freqüència superior a la de tall del mode fonamental al tub de buit del feix (7.6 GHz), es propaga a través d'aquest fins els dispositius adjacents, entre els quals trobem els sistemes de monitorització de la posició (Beam Position Monitor, BPM). D'acord amb l'informe conceptual de disseny de CLIC (Conceptual Design Report, CDR), un sistema eficient de monitorització de la posició del feix al desaccelerador del feix secundari haurà de complir els següents requisits: ¿ - Ha de ser el més senzill i econòmic possible, ja que es necessiten 41580 unitats: el 75% de tots els BPMs de CLIC. ¿ - El processat de la senyal al sistema d'adquisició haurà de ser inmune a la interferència generada als PETS. Això exclou la solució habitual de processar les senyals del BPM a la freqüència de pulsacions del feix (12 GHz). ¿- La senyal de posició resultant del processat ha de ser capaç de detectar canvis a la posició del feix de durada igual o més gran que 10 ns (resolució temporal). ¿- La resolució espaial necessària és de 2 um per a un tub de buit de 23 mm de diàmetre. ¿- Ampli rang dinàmic: el sistema electrònic d'adquisició del BPM ha de poder processar senyals amb nivells extrems, induïdes per feixos de molt alt (100 A) i molt baix (3 A) corrent. / Benot Morell, A. (2016). Beam position monitoring in the clic drive beam decelerator using stripline technology [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/64067

La mesure de l’émittance transverse du faisceau est fondamentale pour tous les accélérateurs, et en particulier pour les collisionneurs, son évaluation precise étant essentielle pour maximiser la luminosité et ainsi la performance des faisceaux de collision.Le rayonnement synchrotron (SR) est un outil polyvalent pour le diagnostic non-destructif de faisceau, exploité au CERN pour mesurer la taille des faisceaux de protons des deux machines du complexe dont l’énergie est la plus élevée, le SPS et le LHC où l’intensité du faisceau ne permet plus les techniques invasives.Le travail de thèse documenté dans ce rapport s’est concentré sur la conception, le développement, la caractérisation et l’optimisation des moniteurs de taille de faisceau basés sur le SR. Cette étude est fondée sur un ensemble de calculs théoriques, de simulation numériques et d’expériences conduite au sein des laboratoires et accélérateurs du CERN. Un outil de simulation puissant a été développé, combinant des logiciels classiques de simulation de SR et de propagation optique, permettant ainsi la caractérisation complète d’un moniteur SR de la source jusqu’au détecteur.La source SR a pu être entièrement caractérisée par cette technique, puis les résultats validés par observation directe et par la calibration à basse énergie basée sur les mesures effectuées avec les wire-scanners (WS), qui sont la référence en terme de mesure de taille de faisceau, ou telles que la comparaison directe avec la taille des faisceaux obtenue par déconvolution de la luminosité instantanée du LHC.Avec l’augmentation de l’énergie dans le LHC (7TeV), le faisceau verra sa taille diminuer jusqu’à atteindre la limite de la technique d’imagerie du SR. Ainsi, plusieurs solutions ont été investiguées afin d’améliorer la performance du système: la sélection d’une des deux polarisations du SR, la réduction des effets liés à la profondeur de champ par l’utilisation de fentes optiques et l’utilisation d’une longueur d’onde réduite à 250 nm.En parallèle à l’effort de réduction de la diffraction optique, le miroir d’extraction du SR qui s’était avéré être la source principale des aberrations du système a été entièrement reconçu. En effet, la détérioration du miroir a été causée par son couplage EM avec les champs du faisceau, ce qui a conduit à une surchauffe du coating et à sa dégradation. Une nouvelle géométrie de miroir et de son support permettant une douce transition en termes de couplage d’impédance longitudinale dans le beam pipe a été définie et caractérisée par la technique dite du “streched wire”. Egalement, comme méthode alternative à l’imagerie directe, un nouveau moniteur basé sur la technique d’interférométrie à deux fentes du SR, non limité par la diffraction, a également été développé. Le principe de cette méthode est basé sur la relation directe entre la visibilité des franges d’interférence et la taille de faisceau.Comme l’emittance du faisceau est la donnée d’intérêt pour la performance du LHC, il est aussi important de caractériser avec précision l’optique du LHC à la source du SR. Dans ce but, la méthode “K-modulation” a été utilisée pour la première fois au LHC en IR4. Les β ont été mesurés à l’emplacement de tous les quadrupoles et ont été évalués via deux algorithmes de propagation différents au BSRT et au WS. / Measuring the beam transverse emittance is fundamental in every accelerator, in particular for colliders, where its precise determination is essential to maximize the luminosity and thus the performance of the colliding beams.
 Synchrotron Radiation (SR) is a versatile tool for non-destructive beam diagnostics, since its characteristics are closely related to those of the source beam. At CERN, being the only available diagnostics at high beam intensity and energy, SR monitors are exploited as the proton beam size monitor of the two higher energy machines, the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The thesis work documented in this report focused on the design, development, characterization and optimization of these beam size monitors. Such studies were based on a comprehensive set of theoretical calculations, numerical simulations and experiments.A powerful simulation tool has been developed combining conventional softwares for SR simulation and optics design, thus allowing the description of an SR monitor from its source up to the detector. 
The simulations were confirmed by direct observations, and a detailed performance studies of the operational SR imaging monitor in the LHC, where different techniques for experimentally validating the system were applied, such as cross-calibrations with the wire scanners at low intensity (that are considered as a reference) and direct comparison with beam sizes de-convoluted from the LHC luminosity measurements.In 2015, the beam sizes to be measured with the further increase of the LHC beam energy to 7 TeV will decrease down to ∼190 μm. In these conditions, the SR imaging technique was found at its limits of applicability since the error on the beam size determination is proportional to the ratio of the system resolution and the measured beam size. Therefore, various solutions were probed to improve the system’s performance such as the choice of one light polarization, the reduction of depth of field effect and the reduction of the imaging wavelength down to 250 nm.In parallel to reducing the diffraction contribution to the resolution broadening, the extraction mirror, found as the main sources of aberrations in the system was redesigned. Its failure was caused by the EM coupling with the beam’s fields that led to overheating and deterioration of the coating. A new system’s geometry featuring a smoother transition in the beam pipe was qualified in terms of longitudinal coupling impedance via the stretched wire technique. A comparison with the older system was carried out and resulted in a reduction of the total power dissipated in the extraction system by at least a factor of four.A new, non-diffraction limited, SR-based monitor based on double slit interferometry was designed as well as an alternative method to the direct imaging. Its principle is based on the direct relation between the interferogram fringes visibility and the beam size.Since the beam emittance is the physical quantity of interest in the performance analysis of the LHC, determining the optical functions at the SR monitors is as relevant as measuring the beam size. The “K-modulation” method for the optical function determination was applied for the first time in the LHC IR4, where most of the profile monitors sit. The βs at the quadrupoles were measured and via two different propagation algorithms the βs at the BSRT and the WS were obtained reducing significantly the uncertainty at the monitors location.

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a proposal for a future linear electron--positron collider that could achieve collision energies of up to 3 TeV. In the CLIC concept the main high energy beam is accelerated using RF power extracted from a high intensity drive beam, achieving an accelerating gradient of 100 MV/m. This scheme places strict tolerances on the drive beam phase stability, which must be better than 0.2 degrees at 12 GHz. To achieve the required phase stability CLIC proposes a high bandwidth (>17.5 MHz), low latency drive beam "phase feedforward" (PFF) system. In this system electromagnetic kickers, powered by 500 kW amplifiers, are installed in a chicane and used to correct the phase by deflecting the beam on to longer or shorter trajectories. A prototype PFF system has been installed at the CLIC Test Facility, CTF3; the design, operation and commissioning of which is the focus of this work. Two kickers have been installed in the pre-existing chicane in the TL2 transfer line at CTF3 for the prototype. New optics have been created for the line to take these changes in to account, incorporating new constraints to obtain the desired phase shifting behaviour. Three new phase monitors have also been installed, one for the PFF input and two to verify the system performance. The resolution of these monitors must be significantly better than 0.2 degrees to achieve CLIC-level phase stability. A point by point resolution as low as 0.13 degrees has been achieved after a series of measurements and improvements to the phase monitor electronics. The performance of the PFF system depends on the correlation between the beam phase as measured at the input to the PFF system, and the downstream phase, measured after the correction chicane. Preliminary measurements found only 40% correlation. The source of the low correlation was determined to be energy dependent phase jitter, which has been mitigated after extensive efforts to measure, model and adjust the machine optics. A final correlation of 93% was achieved, improving the theoretical reduction in jitter using the PFF system from a factor 1.1 to a factor 2.7. The performance and commissioning of the kicker amplifiers and PFF controller are also discussed. Beam based measurements are used to determine the optimal correction timing. With a maximum output of around 650 V the amplifiers provide a correction range of ±5.5 ± 0.3 degrees. Finally, results from operation of the complete system are presented. A mean phase jitter of 0.28 ± 0.02 degrees is achieved, in agreement with the theoretical prediction of 0.27 ± 0.02 degrees for an optimal system with the given beam conditions. The current limitations of the PFF system, and possible future improvements to the setup, are also discussed.

La mesure de l’émittance transverse du faisceau est fondamentale pour tous les accélérateurs, et en particulier pour les collisionneurs, son évaluation precise étant essentielle pour maximiser la luminosité et ainsi la performance des faisceaux de collision.Le rayonnement synchrotron (SR) est un outil polyvalent pour le diagnostic non-destructif de faisceau, exploité au CERN pour mesurer la taille des faisceaux de protons des deux machines du complexe dont l’énergie est la plus élevée, le SPS et le LHC où l’intensité du faisceau ne permet plus les techniques invasives.Le travail de thèse documenté dans ce rapport s’est concentré sur la conception, le développement, la caractérisation et l’optimisation des moniteurs de taille de faisceau basés sur le SR. Cette étude est fondée sur un ensemble de calculs théoriques, de simulation numériques et d’expériences conduite au sein des laboratoires et accélérateurs du CERN. Un outil de simulation puissant a été développé, combinant des logiciels classiques de simulation de SR et de propagation optique, permettant ainsi la caractérisation complète d’un moniteur SR de la source jusqu’au détecteur.La source SR a pu être entièrement caractérisée par cette technique, puis les résultats validés par observation directe et par la calibration à basse énergie basée sur les mesures effectuées avec les wire-scanners (WS), qui sont la référence en terme de mesure de taille de faisceau, ou telles que la comparaison directe avec la taille des faisceaux obtenue par déconvolution de la luminosité instantanée du LHC.Avec l’augmentation de l’énergie dans le LHC (7TeV), le faisceau verra sa taille diminuer jusqu’à atteindre la limite de la technique d’imagerie du SR. Ainsi, plusieurs solutions ont été investiguées afin d’améliorer la performance du système: la sélection d’une des deux polarisations du SR, la réduction des effets liés à la profondeur de champ par l’utilisation de fentes optiques et l’utilisation d’une longueur d’onde réduite à 250 nm.En parallèle à l’effort de réduction de la diffraction optique, le miroir d’extraction du SR qui s’était avéré être la source principale des aberrations du système a été entièrement reconçu. En effet, la détérioration du miroir a été causée par son couplage EM avec les champs du faisceau, ce qui a conduit à une surchauffe du coating et à sa dégradation. Une nouvelle géométrie de miroir et de son support permettant une douce transition en termes de couplage d’impédance longitudinale dans le beam pipe a été définie et caractérisée par la technique dite du “streched wire”. Egalement, comme méthode alternative à l’imagerie directe, un nouveau moniteur basé sur la technique d’interférométrie à deux fentes du SR, non limité par la diffraction, a également été développé. Le principe de cette méthode est basé sur la relation directe entre la visibilité des franges d’interférence et la taille de faisceau.Comme l’emittance du faisceau est la donnée d’intérêt pour la performance du LHC, il est aussi important de caractériser avec précision l’optique du LHC à la source du SR. Dans ce but, la méthode “K-modulation” a été utilisée pour la première fois au LHC en IR4. Les β ont été mesurés à l’emplacement de tous les quadrupoles et ont été évalués via deux algorithmes de propagation différents au BSRT et au WS. / Measuring the beam transverse emittance is fundamental in every accelerator, in particular for colliders, where its precise determination is essential to maximize the luminosity and thus the performance of the colliding beams.
 Synchrotron Radiation (SR) is a versatile tool for non-destructive beam diagnostics, since its characteristics are closely related to those of the source beam. At CERN, being the only available diagnostics at high beam intensity and energy, SR monitors are exploited as the proton beam size monitor of the two higher energy machines, the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The thesis work documented in this report focused on the design, development, characterization and optimization of these beam size monitors. Such studies were based on a comprehensive set of theoretical calculations, numerical simulations and experiments.A powerful simulation tool has been developed combining conventional softwares for SR simulation and optics design, thus allowing the description of an SR monitor from its source up to the detector. 
The simulations were confirmed by direct observations, and a detailed performance studies of the operational SR imaging monitor in the LHC, where different techniques for experimentally validating the system were applied, such as cross-calibrations with the wire scanners at low intensity (that are considered as a reference) and direct comparison with beam sizes de-convoluted from the LHC luminosity measurements.In 2015, the beam sizes to be measured with the further increase of the LHC beam energy to 7 TeV will decrease down to ∼190 μm. In these conditions, the SR imaging technique was found at its limits of applicability since the error on the beam size determination is proportional to the ratio of the system resolution and the measured beam size. Therefore, various solutions were probed to improve the system’s performance such as the choice of one light polarization, the reduction of depth of field effect and the reduction of the imaging wavelength down to 250 nm.In parallel to reducing the diffraction contribution to the resolution broadening, the extraction mirror, found as the main sources of aberrations in the system was redesigned. Its failure was caused by the EM coupling with the beam’s fields that led to overheating and deterioration of the coating. A new system’s geometry featuring a smoother transition in the beam pipe was qualified in terms of longitudinal coupling impedance via the stretched wire technique. A comparison with the older system was carried out and resulted in a reduction of the total power dissipated in the extraction system by at least a factor of four.A new, non-diffraction limited, SR-based monitor based on double slit interferometry was designed as well as an alternative method to the direct imaging. Its principle is based on the direct relation between the interferogram fringes visibility and the beam size.Since the beam emittance is the physical quantity of interest in the performance analysis of the LHC, determining the optical functions at the SR monitors is as relevant as measuring the beam size. The “K-modulation” method for the optical function determination was applied for the first time in the LHC IR4, where most of the profile monitors sit. The βs at the quadrupoles were measured and via two different propagation algorithms the βs at the BSRT and the WS were obtained reducing significantly the uncertainty at the monitors location.