Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:30:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 miorini_tjj_me_botfca.pdf: 709367 bytes, checksum: 5563102a43669b1f6775288f0e76df0c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) tem grande expressão no cenário econômico e social do Brasil, pois além de ser um alimento básico da população brasileira, faz parte da renda do pequeno e médio produtor rural. A hipótese deste trabalho é que a supressão do fornecimento de água em alguma fase ou em algumas fases do desenvolvimento do feijoeiro irrigado sempre resulta em redução de produtividade de, pelo menos, 20%. O objetivo foi de analisar a influência do uso da irrigação em diferentes estádios fenológicos do feijoeiro sobre o desempenho dos componentes de produção do feijão do grupo Carioca, cultivar IAC Alvorada. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido na Fazenda Experimental Lageado / Departamento de Engenharia Rural, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, UNESP, campus de Botucatu. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com 16 tratamentos e oito repetições, sendo cada parcela de 2,0 m x 4,5 m (Experimento I – campo) e 32 tratamentos e 4 repetições em vasos de 9 litros (Experimento II – casa de vegetação). Os tratamentos foram baseados em diferentes épocas de aplicação de lâminas de água em períodos críticos na cultura do feijão. No Experimento I – campo, as fases críticas consideradas foram: fase vegetativa, floração, enchimento de grãos e maturação... / Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is widespread in the social and economic scene in Brazil, as well as being a staple of Brazilian population, helps small and medium-income farmers. The hypothesis is that if the water supply is suppressed in just one of the five development stages or in some phases of development of irrigated beans, it can result in reduction productivity of, at least, 20%, allowing water economy. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of bean Carioca group IAC Alvorada yield components, with irrigation suppression in each of the phenological phases and no irrigation and irrigated in all stages. The study was conducted at Agronomical Sciences College, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. The statistical design was the randomized block with sixteen treatments and eight replications, each plot was 2.0m X 4.5m (Experiment I – Field) and thirty-two treatments and four replications in vase of 9l (Experiment II – Greenhouse). Treatments were based on different application times water depth at critical periods in the bean crop. In Experiment I – Field, the critical phases were: vegetative stage, flowering, grain filling and maturation. In Experiment II – Greenhouse, the critical phases were: VI (V1 – V3), VII (V4 – flowering), flowering, pod formation and filling grain. Irrigations were performed to increase the water soil content to the field capacity using a class A Pan (Experiment I) and using tensiometers (Experiment II). Variables evaluated were: average number of pods per plant, pods of average size, average number of grains per pods, weight of 100 grains and productivity. Data were analyzed using SAS statistical program, subjected to analysis of variance and “t” test at 5% probability, as well as study of orthogonal contrasts. In Experiment I – Field, the yield components were higher affected when it occurred irrigation’s... (Complete abstract click electroni

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-05-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:59:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rossi_r_me_ilha.pdf: 258420 bytes, checksum: 13f049e7df0e326e3eb030475ecbddb4 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O feijão é um alimento rico em proteínas, tendo o nitrogênio como o nutriente absorvido em maior quantidade. O manejo da adubação nitrogenada e de outras tecnologias, como a utilização de bioestimulantes, podem interferir na produtividade e na qualidade do feijão. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o efeito de doses nitrogênio e de bioestimulante no desenvolvimento e produtividade do feijoeiro de inverno no sistema plantio direto. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com 24 tratamentos e 4 repetições, constituído por quatro doses de nitrogênio em cobertura (zero, 35, 70 e 105 kg ha-1), utilizando como fonte a uréia, aplicadas na fase V3, três doses de bioestimulante utilizando um produto comercial contendo ácido índolbutírico - 0,005%, cinetina - 0,009% e ácido giberélico - 0,005% (zero, dose recomendada e 2 vezes a dose recomendada) aplicadas em dois modos distintos: aplicação única na fase V4-5 e parcelado nas fases V4-5 (1⁄2 da dose) e R5 (1⁄2 da dose). O estudo foi realizado em área experimental da Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão pertencente à Faculdade de Engenharia - Campus de Ilha Solteira Unesp, localizada no município de Selvíria – MS, em experimentos nos anos de 2009 e 2010. O solo do local é um Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico, textura argilosa. O bioestimulante deve ser utilizado no feijoeiro de inverno irrigado na dose de 0,5 L ha-1 do produto comercial e a aplicação realizada de maneira parcelada com metade da dose no estádio V4-5 e o restante em R5 e, o feijoeiro irrigado responde a doses crescentes de nitrogênio em cobertura com aumento na produtividade de grãos até a dose utilizada de 105 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio / The bean is a food rich in protein, and nitrogen as the nutrient taken up in greater quantity. The management of nitrogen fertilization and other technologies, such as the use of plant growth regulators, may interfere on productivity and quality of common bean. This work aimed to study the effect of nitrogen and plant growth regulator in the development and grain yield of winter common bean in no till system. A randomized block design with 24 treatments and 4 replicates, consisting of four levels of nitrogen (zero, 35, 70 and 105 kg ha- 1 ), as urea, applied at V4-5 stage, three doses of growth regulators (zero, recommended level and 2 times the recommended dose) applied in two distinct modes: single application at the V4-5 stage and parceled out in phases being 1⁄2 level at V4-5 stage and the other 1⁄2 level at R5. The study was conducted at Experimental Station belonging to the Faculty of Engineering - UNESP Ilha Solteira Campus, located in Selvíria - MS, in experiments in the years 2009 and 2010. The soil is a Red Latosol. The average annual precipitation is 1,370 mm, the average annual temperature is 23.5 o C and relative humidity annual is around 70%. The plant growth regulator should be used in plants irrigated in winter, being 0.5 L ha-1 of the commercial product and the application performed in a split with half dose at stage V4-5 and the remainder in R5 and, the irrigated common bean responds levels of nitrogen with increasing in grain yield up to dose of 105 kg ha-1 of nitrogen

Rheological measurements on intact fresh snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris v.) and purees made from raw beans were used to assess the effect of variety and sieve size on the textural characteristics of green snap beans. Seed length, percentage dry matter and physical fiber measurements were used as textural quality indicators. Four varieties of green snap beans (Tendercrop, Rainier, Harvester and BBL 290) were tested in 1971 and 1972. Each variety was harvested five times in each year. Adverse environmental conditions in 1971 caused bean textural quality to be higher in 1972 than in 1971. The four varieties tested showed significant differences with Rainier exhibiting the best textural quality while Harvester generally showed the poorest quality. Tests involving the resistance to shearing of intact bean pods were carried out using the Ottawa Texture Measuring System and the Food Technology Corporation's Texture Test System (formerly the Kramer shear press). Viscosity tests were performed on purees composed of macerated raw green bean tissue and water. Results were obtained from spread test using a simplified Adams-type consistometer and from rotating coaxial cylinder tests using a Brookfield RVT Synchro-Lectric Viscometer fitted with a small sample adapter. The Brookfield data were then fitted to the power-law equation. Rheological parameters showed highly significant interrelationships in most instances. Viscous properties of purees (spread, m, n and yield stress) were highly correlated with percentage dry matter of the beans. Peak force readings of the Kramer shear press and the Ottawa Texture Measuring System were significantly correlated with all textural quality and viscometric parameters. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

The overall objective of these experiments was to augment our understanding of how naphthenic acids stimulate metabolism and growth of bean plants. Three separate studies were carried out with bush bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cultivar Top Crop) to determine: 1) the effect of potassium naphthenates (KNap) on the uptake, distribution, and incorporation of phosphorus-32, 2) the metabolism of the individual naphthenic acid, potassium cyclohexanecarboxylate (KCHC), in leaves and roots, and 3) the effect of KNap and KCHC on the uptake and metabolism of glucose by excised root tips. 1) Fourteen-day-old plants growing in a phosphate-free (-P) or a complete (+P) nutrient solution were sprayed to drip with a 0.5% solution of KNap. Twenty-four hours after spraying, the roots of both control and treated plants were exposed for 2 hours to a nutrient solution containing ³²P. Following the exposure to ³²P, the plants were returned to their original nutrient solutions. Control and treated plants were withdrawn 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after exposure to ³²P, and were separated into leaf blades, stems, and roots. Acid soluble, acid insoluble, and total ³²P activity, or total phosphorus were determined at each sampling time. KNap treatment increased by 7 to 9% the intake of ³²P by plants grown in the -P or +P nutrient solution. The increases, however, lacked statistical significance at the 0.05 level. The rate at which ³²P was translocated out of the roots of plants grown in the -P nutrient only was increased significantly by treatment, in spite of the fact that at the 24 hour sampling time 84% of the total ³²P label remained in root tissues. At the same sampling time 32% of the total ³²P label was found in the roots of plants grown in the +P nutrient. While KNap treatment significantly increased ³²P activity in stems of -P grown plants over the sampling period, activity in stems of control and treated plants grown in the +P nutrient was similar. Naphthenate treatment increased the rate of incorporation of ³²P into both the acid soluble (sugar phosphates, nucleotides, phospholipids) and acid insoluble (nucleic acids, phosphoproteins) fractions of leaves of plants grown in the +P nutrient solution. Acid soluble ³²P activity declined in all root tissues over the sampling period as acid soluble ³²P-containing compounds, primarily orthophosphate, were translocated acropetally. The percentage acid insoluble ³²P activity in the roots of KNap-treated plants was significantly greater than that found in the roots of control plants at the 24 hour sampling time. Naphthenate treatment did not affect the amount of total P (³¹P + ³²P) in the two P fractions of the three plant organs. The augmented incorporation of ³²P into the acid soluble and acid insoluble fractions is further evidence of the KNap-stimulated P metabolism reported by other workers. 2) KCHC-7-¹⁴C administered to leaf disks in the light or to roots of intact seedlings in the dark was rapidly converted to a mixture of two conjugated metabolites: the glucose ester and the aspartic acid amide. The root-feeding experiment indicated that following their synthesis in root tissues both conjugates were translocated acropetally. The results of amino acid analyses of the acid hydrolysates of several unidentified metabolites strongly suggest that KCHC-7-¹⁴C was also conjugated with a low molecular weight polypeptide. 3) Three sets of root tips cut from 7-day-old seedlings were incubated in a medium containing ¹⁴C glucose for 3 hours. Two of the three sets were pretreated in a solution of KCHC or KNap for 6 hours. Each naphthenate treatment significantly increased ¹⁴C activity in the ethanol-soluble (amino acids, glucose, etc.), ethanol-insoluble (polysaccharides, protein, etc.), and respired CO₂ fractions. The individual naphthenic acid, KCHC, had the greater effect on the uptake and metabolism of labelled glucose. Results also indicated that not only were the uptake of glucose and CO₂ production increased significantly by each treatment, but also amino acids containing the glucose carbon passed more quickly through soluble amino acid pools in root tissues, and were more rapidly fixed into protein. In light of the finding that naphthenate conjugates and not the free acid were detected in the tissue, it may be that the conjugates were associated in a causal way with the stimulated uptake and metabolism of labelled glucose. / Science, Faculty of / Botany, Department of / Graduate

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