This survey study evaluates the incidence of tanning in adults who use indoor gyms.

Exploring Childbearing Intentions and Reproductive Behavior among Minority Adolescent and Young Adult Females with Behaviorally-Acquired HIV Infection

<p> The abstract is not available from PDF copy and paste.</p>

<p> The present study utilized the microanalysis techniques for grounded theory described by Strauss and Corbin (1998) to better understand the lived experience of having rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as a young adult woman. The sample consisted of eight women between the ages of 25-36, each of which participated in a 60-90 minute telephone interview that explored how they feel, think, and behave in terms of their RA. A theory emerged from the data that reflected the process of moving from diagnosis to acceptance for the participants. This process was described as being akin to a roller coaster because of the myriad of ups and downs associated with the RA experience. The findings from this study may help to inform the understanding of how young adults experience life in terms of their RA and, therefore, has potentially positive implications for other young adults with RA as well as their health care professionals, family, and friends.</p>

<p> This case study evaluated the effects of differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) on scripting in a four year-old child with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Celiac Disease. The overall goal was to show that DRO as the only independent variable could reduce scripting in a child with autism. A vibrator was set to vibrate every six minutes to indicate the end of each interval during intervention and the behavior was measured using a partial-interval time sampling method during the two hour in-home private Applied Behavior Analysis session over a two month period. An A-BC-C design demonstrated that DRO successfully decreased scripting behavior in the child with autism. A dependent paired samples t-test was used to compare the rates of scripting during the first three days of baseline and last three days of intervention. Results demonstrated a 29% decrease in scripting behavior. This result extends previous research that showed DRO, within a combined intervention, could be effective in decreasing scripting of adolescents with autism.</p>

<p>Adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) are at risk for negative health conditions due to high levels of sedentary behavior. Walking and cycling are the most common forms of physical activity engaged in by adults with ID. Research is limited in evaluating physical activity interventions for this population. The purpose of this study will be to evaluate the effectiveness of a token reinforcement intervention to increase distance walked for adults with mild to moderate ID at adult day training centers. </p>

<p> The inhibitory reflex, also known as the cutaneous silent period (CSP), is a spinal reflex mediated by small diameter A-&delta; fibers, serving to protect the body from harmful stimuli (Leis et al., 1992; Kofler, 2003). Previous investigations have suggested that the inhibitory effects of this reflex only occur within extensor muscles. The present study sought to determine the influence of the inhibitory reflex within both flexor and extensor muscles of the upper limb thereby providing further insight into the spinal organization of this reflex. Two subsets of data were collected. 22 subjects had the inhibitory reflex evoked with three different stimulation conditions (digit II, V and II+III stimulation at 10x perceptual threshold). 14 subjects returned to have transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) paired with digit II stimulation. Within both datasets subjects performed isometric contractions with each of the following upper limb muscles: abductor pollicis brevis (APB), flexor carpi radialis (FCR), extensor carpi radialis (ECR), biceps brachii long head (BIC), triceps brachii lateral head (TRI), anterior deltoid (AD), and posterior deltoid (PD). All stimulations were applied randomly during the isometric contractions. The first dataset included 20 stimulations in each condition within each muscle of the right arm. The second dataset included 10 stimulations of digit II only (CSP), TMS only (TMS), and a inhibitory reflex conditioned TMS (TMS+) within each muscle of the right arm. Distal muscle demonstrated the greatest influence for both the inhibitory reflex response and motor evoked potentials. A distal to proximal relationship was determined for the inhibitory response with a level of differential control occurring between the distal and proximal muscles. These results demonstrate evidence of the CSP in both flexor and extensor muscles of the upper limb, with the greatest effect taking place within the distal muscles. I hypothesize that this distal--proximal organization of cutaneous inhibitory reflexes may be influenced by the number of direct cortico-motoneuronal connections within the corticospinal tract. Thus, the cutaneous feedback plays a larger role in modulating direct descending input in distal muscles involved in grasping and manipulation, versus proximal muscles coordinating reaching.</p>

<p> The Bureau of Substance Abuse Treatment Recovery and Prevention, which oversees drug intervention services for Detroit residents, has found the city's illegal drug use among teens to mirror national rates. Illegal drug use is associated with addiction, major health problems, and stigma. Incorporating evidence-based screening during all teen health care visits would decrease missed opportunities to identify at-risk behaviors, the number of teens that do not receive intervention, and the stigma associated with screening. The purpose of this project was to develop evidence-based policy and practice guidelines for teen screening services for illegal drug use. The Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) model was used to guide the project. An interdisciplinary team of direct service and administrative staff selected questions based on 6 key words&mdash;car, relax, alone, forget, friends, and trouble (CRAFFT)&mdash;to screen teens for illegal drug use. The interdisciplinary team also developed a teen screening policy along with practice guidelines for the screening policy, implementation plan, and project evaluation. A review of the literature provided support for the project methods. Two experts in the field of substance abuse provided content validity for the policy and practice guidelines, and concluded that the CRAFFT screening questions were valid for evidence-based screening for illegal drug use among teens, that the PDSA model was effective to guide the project, and that an interdisciplinary team approach was effective to address the issue. These findings may improve identification of at-risk teens, decrease missed screening opportunities, decrease stigma, and align the Bureau with current trends in substance abuse treatment.</p>

<p> Although Carl Jung and Joseph Campbell were both avid athletes, research and theory around engaging in sports as a valuable psychological process is quite rare. Athletic experience has hardly been looked at through the lens of the archetypal hero's journey, or the path of the warrior, in spite of the fact that mythology and literature are filled with stories of such characters and they are often the primary subject of contents of dreams, reverie, and active imagination. Given that martial arts is steeped in rich cultural traditions, and intertwined with political history as well as mythology, this lack of study creates a gap in Jungian literature, particularly with regard to the archetypes of initiation and individuation. </p><p> This phenomenological hermeneutic study explores the lives of five Brazilian jiu-jitsu black belt professors. The Literature Review was framed around historical perspectives of Brazilian jiu-jitsu, Jungian psychology and somatics, sports philosophy, phenomenology, and hermeneutics. It provides an in-depth perspective of lived experience of a very popular martial art used for self-defense. Brazilian jiu-jitsu was chosen for a variety of reasons, including the ability to teach highly dangerous techniques to a wide range of participants, and because the rapid growth of jiu-jitsu may indicate places where collective energy is moving. This raises the questions, Why Brazilian jiu-jitsu? Why Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu right now? </p><p> The implications of this study and the qualitative data gleaned from the interviews show that the practice of Brazilian jiu-jitsu can offer a great deal to individuals and communities, and can impact either, depending on intention. The practice, as lived by five interviewees and many other practitioners who were consulted, offers a safe environment for personal transformation, coupled with a spirited playful atmosphere, an emphasis on social values, and teamwork. With these structures in place, Brazilian jiu-jitsu schools frequently become places to improve quality of life and to inadvertently address a wide variety of maladaptive and clinical issues. </p><p> Key Words: martial arts, Jungian psychology, jiu-jitsu, phenomenology, sports, archetypal.</p>

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, 2001. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 62-08, Section: B, page: 3789. Chair: William J. Froming.