Berberis L. contains more than 500 species, is the largest genus in the Berberidaceae, and is now recognised to comprise Berberis s.s. with simple leaves and compoundleaved species formally ascribed to Mahonia. Because of its sheer size, much basic taxonomy is required in Berberis, and this thesis provides a taxonomic revision for the species found in Nepal, which includes a key, full descriptions, illustrations, phenology, notes on ecology, distinguishing features and distribution maps. Twenty one species are recognised in Nepal, of which two, B. karnaliensis and B. pendryi, are newly described. Nine taxa are lectotypified during this study. Berberis has a mainly Northern Hemisphere distribution, with its main centre of distribution in the Sino-Himalaya. Berberis s.s. extends into South America where it has a secondary centre of diversity. There have been few phylogenetic studies of Berberis, and previous studies were inadequate because they did not use outgroups to root their phylogenies. This thesis provides parsimony and Bayesian analyses of chloroplast ndhF data of 64 accessions of 59 Berberis taxa, rooted using multiple outgroups including Ranzania, the putative sister group of Berberis. The results support the monophyly of Berberis s.l, but compound-leaved Berberis are shown to be paraphyletic. Berberis higginsae, a member of section Horridae, is sister to all other taxa sampled. The ndhF phylogeny, dated using a fossil calibration, indicates the North American origin of compound-leaved Berberis, and the origin of the simple-leaved South American lineages in long distance dispersal events from Eurasia. ITS sequences of 97 accessions of 79 species of Berberis are studied to investigate the origin and diversification of simple-leaved Berberis in Nepal. The Nepalese species are shown to have multiple origins from at least four different colonisations and have subsequently speciated in situ. The diversification of some groups appears to have been triggered by the active uplift phase of the Himalaya during the Miocene. The tendency of phylogenetically close Nepalese species to grow in similar ecological conditions indicates that phylogenetic niche conservatism is evident in Nepalese Berberis species. Chromosome counts for nine taxa of Nepalese simple-leaved Berberis are obtained, of which five taxa are counted for the first time. All the taxa examined are diploids with 2n=28, suggesting that the polyploidy is not an important factor in the diversification of Berberis in Nepal.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T16:31:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo6101_1.pdf: 2746549 bytes, checksum: abed2f23df0227617a0224f4eed1196d (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / O presente trabalho determina o perfil cromatográfico das plantas utilizadas na produção do fitoterápico ROBUSTERINA. Tal produto é constituído por Berberis vulgaris L, Gossypium herbaceum L. e Viburnum opulus L. As cascas da raiz de B. vulgaris são empregadas como tônico amargo e para litíase biliar. As cascas da raiz e sementes de G. herbaceum têm ações antiespasmódicas e uterotônicas. As cascas do caule de V. opulus são antiespasmódicas e tônicas. Três amostras de cada planta foram analisadas por cromatografia em camada delgada analítica (CCDA), buscando-se estabelecer a identidade dos grupos de metabólitos secundários presentes face aos relatos da literatura. Para as matérias-primas foram analisadas matéria orgânica estranha, perda por dessecação, cinzas (totais, insolúveis em ácido e sulfatadas) e metais pesados. Já para o produto acabado foram avaliados os aspectos macroscópicos (verificação da cor, odor sabor), características físicas (teor alcoólico (determinado em alcoômetro), densidade (pelo método do picnômetro), pH (determinado por potenciômetro) e resíduo seco total). Devido à presença de alcalóides em Berberis vulgaris e, ausência de metodologias analíticas de quantificação para o produto, foi proposta validação de método, de acordo com as exigências atuais. A metodologia fundamenta-se na determinação espectrofotométrica de alcalóides utilizando-se Dragendorff como reagente precipitante e Sulfato de Berberina Merck como referência padrão. Os perfis fitoquímicos obtidos foram confrontados com dados da literatura, comprovando a autenticidade da matéria-prima. Para as matérias-primas foram determinadas especificações de controle de qualidade para matéria orgânica estranha, perda por dessecação, cinzas (totais, insolúveis em ácido e sulfatadas) e metais pesados. Para o produto Robusterina foram analisadas as características organolépticas (verificação da cor, odor, sabor), características físicas (limpidez, teor alcoólico, densidade, pH, resíduo seco total e solubilidade). Os estudos obtidos permitem sugerir especificações de valores mínimos e máximos para o controle de qualidade para Tintura de Robusterina. Quanto à validação a curva de calibração foi determinada com seis concentrações entre 40 e 200 g/mL. A equação da reta é y = 0,0038x + 0,0092 com R2 de 0,9996. Os parâmetros robustez, precisão, especificidade, limite de detecção e quantificação e exatidão foram avaliados estatisticamente com intervalo de 95% de confiança (teste t de Student, ANOVA). De acordo com as análises estatísticas, observou-se que o método é linear, robusto, preciso e exato. Os limites de detecção e de quantificação foram respectivamente 3,1578 e 10,5263 g/mL

Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniera Forestal / Se estudió la biomasa aérea de tres especies arbustivas: Colliguaja odorifera, Retanilla trinervia y Berberis actinacantha en un área colindante a la Reserva Nacional Roblería del Cobre de Loncha ubicada en la Comuna de Alhué en la Región Metropolitana. La selección de los arbustos se realizó de forma dirigida. Se cortaron 15 individuos de cada especie, considerando a lo menos un arbusto para cada clase de tamaño observada. Se ajustaron funciones de biomasa mediante el método regresional, tomando en cuenta la biomasa total y la biomasa por componente de cada arbusto muestreado. Además se midió el crecimiento en la base de los vástagos antes seleccionados. En la biomasa total por especie se concluyó que C. odorifera fue la especie que más biomasa concentró promediando entre los 15 individuos 13,78 ± 14,76 kg/individuo. R. trinervia presenta 7,18 ± 5,78 kg/individuo y B. actinacantha es la que menor biomasa concentra con 2,87 ± 2,56 kg/individuo en promedio (± 1 DS). Con respecto a la obtención de biomasa por componente, B. actinacantha posee la mayor concentración en los vástagos vivos con el 83%, el 12% corresponde a follaje y los vástagos muertos solo acumulan el 5%, del total. En el caso de C. odorifera la mayor concentración se encuentra en los vástagos vivos con el 82%, el 13% corresponde a vástagos muertos y la menor concentración se observa en el follaje con el 5%. R. trinervia concentra el 75% en los vástagos vivos, el 19% en los vástagos muertos y solo el 6% en el follaje. En el caso de la biomasa total el mejor estimador fue la relación de diámetro de copa y la altura de cada arbusto obteniendo r2 entre 0,65 y 0,86 y P <0,01.

Yes / Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus (DM), is a metabolic disorder characterized by an abnormal rise in blood sugar (glucose) levels brought on by a complete or partial lack of insulin secretion along with corresponding changes in the metabolism of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. It has been reported that medicinal plants play a pivotal role in the treatment of various ailments such as diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. The current study involved exploring the acute toxicity and in vivo antidiabetic activity of berberine (WA1), palmatine (WA2), and 8- trichloromethyl dihydroberberine (WA3) previously isolated from Berberis glaucocarpa Stapf using a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model. Body weight and blood glucose level were assessed on a day interval for 4 weeks. Biochemical parameters, antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative stress markers were also determined. In an acute toxicity profile, the WA1, WA2, and WA3 were determined to be nontoxic up to 500 mg/kg (b.w). After the second and third weeks of treatment (14 and 21 days), the blood glucose levels in the WA1-, WA2-, and WA3-treated groups were significantly lower than those in the diabetic control group (476.81 ± 8.65 mg/dL, n = 8, P < 0.001). On the 21st day, there was a decrease in the blood glucose level and the results obtained were 176.33 ± 4.69, 197.21 ± 4.80, and 161.99 ± 4.75 mg/dL (n = 8, P < 0.001) for WA1, WA2, and WA3 at 12 mg/kg, respectively, as opposed to the diabetic control group (482.87 ± 7.11 mg/dL, n = 8, P < 0.001). Upon comparison with the diabetic group at the end of the study (28 days), a substantial drop in the glucose level of WA3 at 12 mg/kg (110.56 ± 4.11 mg/dL, n = 8, P < 0.001) was observed that was almost near the values of the normal control group. The treated groups (WA1, WA2, and WA3) treated with the samples displayed a significant decline in the levels of HbA1c. Treatment of the samples dramatically lowered the lipid level profile. In groups treated with samples, plasma levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL were significantly lowered [F (5, 42) = 100.6, n = 8, P < 0.001]; these levels were also significantly decreased [F (5, 42) = 129.6 and 91.17, n = 8, P < 0.001]. In contrast to the diabetes group, all treated groups had significantly higher HDL levels [F (5, 42) = 15.46, n = 8, P < 0.001]. As a result, hypolipidemic activity was anticipated in the samples. In addition to that, the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was considerably elevated in the groups treated with the sample compared to the diabetic control group (n = 8, P < 0.001).

Les stratégies actuelles de lutte contre le cancer consistent à développer de nouveaux traitements à base de molécules d’origine naturelle susceptibles de déclencher l’apoptose de cellules malignes et d’inhiber les principales voies de survie cellulaire. Le premier objectif de ces travaux porte sur les effets anti-prolifératifs et apoptotiques de l’extrait éthanolique de la plante Berberis libanotica sur les lignées érythroleucémiques humaines HEL, K562 et K562 (COX-2+) et sur son effet sur l’expression de la COX-2 dans ces lignées. Nos résultats montrent que l’extrait induit l’apoptose dans les lignées étudiées et ceci par activation de la caspase-3, le clivage de la PARP-1 et la fragmentation de l’ADN. De même, il induit la diminution de l’expression de COX-2. Nous avons démontré que les voies survie de NF-ĸB et p-AKT sont inhibées. Le deuxième objectif de ces travaux consistent à identifier la molécule présente dans cet extrait et qui est capable de déclencher ces effets anticancéreux. Nous avons démontré que la berbérine est la molécule majoritaire dans cet extrait et possède des effets apoptotiques et des effets inhibiteurs des voies de survie, ce qui est similaire aux effets de l’extrait brut.Mots clés :érythroleucémie, apoptose, berberis libanotica, berbérine, COX-2, NF-kB, p-AKT. / The first aim of this study focuses on the apoptotic effect of Berberis Libanotica on human erythroleukemia cell lines HEL, K562, and K562(COX-2+) and it is effect on the expression of COX-2. In light of the reported chemopreventive and chemosensitive effects of natural products on various tumor cells and animal models, we postulated that our Bl extract may mediate their effects through apoptosis induction with suppression of cell survival pathways. We showed that this extract induces apoptosis in eryrhtroleukemia cells by activation of the late markers of caspase-3 activation, PARP cleavage and DNA fragmentation. In the other hand, we showed that Bl extract reduced significantly expression of COX-2 by a dose-dependent manner. In regard to our results, it is clear that the simultaneous inhibition of Akt and NF-κB signalling can significantly contribute to the anticancer effects of Bl extract in human erythroleukemia cells.The second objective of this report is to elucidate wich molecule present in our extract can exert this effects. We found that berberine, the majoritory compound, can induce an apoptotic effect and inhibits the survival pathway of NF-ĸB and p-AKT similarly to the extract.Key words: erythroleukemia, apoptosis, Berberis libanotica ,berberine, COX-2, NF-ĸB, p-AKT

The deciduous forests of northeastern United States are currently experiencing an invasion of the exotic plant species Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii). This recent and rapid invasion leads to rising concern about its potential threats to native species as well as natural ecosystems, demanding a better understanding of its invasion mechanisms and potential responses to climate change. Unfortunately, few studies have been conducted to understand the influence of climate on the growth of B. thunbergii, largely because of the absence of long-term growth records. In this study we demonstrate growth rings of B. thunbergii are annually resolved and crossdatable. The first ring-width chronology of B. thunbergii was therefore developed using samples collected from the Black Rock Forest (BRF), New York. Climate-growth relationship analysis indicates the growth of B. thunbergii in the BRF is positively correlated with precipitation in prior October, current February and May–August, but is negatively correlated with current March precipitation. The growth of B. thunbergii is also negatively correlated with temperatures in prior winter (November–January) and current summer (June–July), but is positively correlated with current spring temperature (March–May). These dendrochronological results on B. thunbergii, together with further physiological studies, will improve our understanding on how the growth of this invasive species is affected by local climate dynamics, as well as the long-term invasion potential that is tied to its responses to climate change.

My thesis tested efect of mycorrhizal fungy on herbal cutting. There was two terms propagation of four species. Syringa meyeri 'Palibin', Forsythia x intermedia 'Maluch', Cornus alba and Berberis thunbergii 'Rose Glow'. Experiment had two variantion and three repeats. Plants couldn't be nursed. Most of the results are inconclusive, because of the high losses. For species of Syringa meyeri 'Palibin' was demonstrated high influence of mycorrhizal fungi. There were also differences in terms. Overlay film had a positive impact only on Cornus alba. For species Cornus alba and Forsythia x intermedia 'Maluch' second term was more successful. When propagation of mycorrhiza has high potential.

This thesis was written up at the Department of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Plants under Faculty of Horticulture Mendel University in Lednice. The thesis deals with rooting of woody species of chosen kinds of Ornamental wood. The experiment was performed for Berberis thunbergii ´Rose Glow´ and for Syringa meyeri ´Palibin´ in two terms (16.6.2016 and 1.8.2016) and in four variants. The fourth variant was for control only.

No description available.

No description available.