This study tested dual-process decision-making models as predictors of between-person and within-person variation in risk-taking behavior. Additionally, the study integrated trait perspectives on self-control and impulsivity with decision-making processes to explain risk-taking. Participants were 580 college students ages 18 and older (M age = 20.45, range = 18 to 52 years). This study involved three parts. First, participants completed a survey assessing decision-making processes, self-control, impulsivity and risk-taking behavior. Second, a sub-set of participants completed laboratory-based measures of self-control and impulsivity. Third, participants completed a longitudinal online assessment of their risk-taking behavior. Dual-process models explained concurrent risk-taking, but only the reasoned decision-making process explained longitudinal risk-taking. The dual decision-making processes appear to operate through similar pathways, with components from each pathway exhibiting indirect effects through the other pathway. Impulsivity was linked to higher levels of risk-taking because of higher levels of behavioral intentions and willingness, whereas self-control was linked to lower levels of risk-taking because of lower levels of behavioral intentions. Between-person effects were as common as within-person effects, so future researchers are urged to consider decision-making processes averaged across forms of risk-taking and within each form of risk-taking. Altering decision-making pathways may be an effective way to intervene with individuals at high risk for engaging in risk-taking behavior.

Submitted by Marilene Donadel (marilene.donadel@unioeste.br) on 2017-09-25T19:19:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Andressa_R_Ames_2017.pdf: 2124271 bytes, checksum: b4da96386f4f6f9c50807d02f76429cd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-25T19:19:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andressa_R_Ames_2017.pdf: 2124271 bytes, checksum: b4da96386f4f6f9c50807d02f76429cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present study aimed to understand how children aged 10-12 years old get involved with the environment and how they perceive the different environmental risks. It also sought to analyze if there is a relationship between environmental satisfaction and environmental attitudes, to evaluate and compare how children perceive the risks of local disasters and other risks that affect the planet as a whole, as well as whether there are differences by sex with regard to environmental attitudes. The study used a mixed methodology, using as data collection techniques the questionnaire and the focus group. The following instruments were used in the quantitative study: the scale The 24 Risk Items of Slimak and Dietz (2006) reduced to 13 items; The Environmental Attitudes Scale for Children (Galli, 2014; Leeming & Dwyer 1995); The Children's Scale of Environmental Satisfaction (CSES) of Galli (2014), and an ad hoc scale that assessed the Perception of Disaster Risk Exposure (PDRE). The focus group has emphasized issues such as environmental problems, disaster risk perception, environmental satisfaction and environmental attitudes. 886 children participated in the quantitative study, of which 478 (54%) were female and 405 (46%) were males, with an average age of 10.66 years (SD = 0.62). Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and multivariate statistical techniques (factorial analysis, correlation, linear regression, t-test for independent and dependent samples), with the assistance of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, v. 23.0). Twenty-four students participated in the qualitative study, seven of them female and seventeen male, all of them students of the sixth grade of the public school in Cascavel-PR. Qualitative data were analyzed using the Content Analysis method. The results indicated that environmental attitudes influence the environmental satisfaction of children. In turn, the greater the perception of disaster risk, the lower the environmental satisfaction of the child. Female children had higher mean environmental attitudes when compared to males, and these differences were significant in the variables "Turn off water from the sink when brushing your teeth to save water" and "Close the refrigerator door while deciding what to catch". The study showed that children have higher averages in the perception about the importance of risks related to the global context than local and that this perception about the importance of global risks predicts environmental attitudes. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo compreender como as crianças com idade entre 10-12 anos se relacionam com o ambiente e como percebem os diferentes riscos ambientais. Buscou ainda analisar se existe relação entre satisfação ambiental e atitudes ambientais, avaliar e comparar como as crianças percebem os riscos de desastres locais e outros riscos que afetam o planeta como um todo, bem como se existem diferenças por sexo no que diz respeito às atitudes ambientais.O estudo utiliza metodologia mista, tendo como técnicas de coleta de dados o questionário e o grupo focal. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos no estudo quantitativo: a escala The 24 Risk Itens de Slimak e Dietz (2006) reduzida para 13 itens; a Escala de Atitudes Ambientais para Crianças (Galli, 2014; Leeming & Dwyer 1995); A Escala Infantil de Satisfação com o Ambiente (EISA) de Galli (2014) e uma escala ad hoc que avaliou a Percepção de Risco de Exposição à Desastres (EPRED). O grupo focal teve como temas norteadores os problemas ambientais, percepção de risco de desastres, satisfação ambiental e atitudes ambientais. Participaram do estudo quantitativo 886 crianças, sendo 478 (54%) do sexo feminino e 405 (46%) do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 10,66 anos (DP=0,62). Os dados quantitativos foram analisados por meio de técnicas de estatística descritiva e multivariada (análise fatorial, correlação, regressão linear, teste t para amostras independente e dependentes), com o auxílio do Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, v. 23.0). Do estudo qualitativo, participaram 24 alunos, sendo sete do sexo feminino e dezessete do sexo masculino. Todos os estudantes cursavam o sexto ano do ensino fundamental da rede pública de Cascavel-PR. Os dados qualitativos foram analisados através do método de Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que as atitudes ambientais exercem influência na satisfação ambiental das crianças. Por sua vez, quanto maior a percepção de risco de desastres, menor a satisfação ambiental da criança. As crianças do sexo feminino apresentaram maiores médias nas atitudes ambientais quando comparadas às do sexo masculino, sendo que essas diferenças foram significativas nas variáveis “Desliga a água da pia quando escova seus dentes para economizar água” e “Pede para sua família reciclar algumas das coisas que vocês usam”. O estudo mostrou que as crianças possuem maiores médias na percepção sobre a importância dos riscos relacionados ao contexto global do que local e que essa percepção sobre a importância dos riscos globais prediz atitudes ambientais.