The objective of this thesis is to provide a detailed investigation of phosphorus transformations in constructed wetlands. Five replicate Wetland Units were constructed adjacent the wastewater treatment plant in Richmond, Australia. Each wetland was supplied with secondary or tertiary sewage effluent and planted identically with species of schoenoplectus, Phragmites, and Triglochin. Detention times for each Unit were established at 5 or 15 days. Phosphorus concentrations were monitored routinely at the inlet and outlet of each Unit, with a number of specific studies conducted to investigate internal transformations. These studies, undertaken in 1994 and 1995, determined that plants were the dominant phosphorus store in the short term, during wetland establishment and that sediments were the dominant long-term phosphorus storage compartment. Laboratory investigations indicated that there was no significant role for bacteria or algae in the water column relating to phosphorus sequestering, although microorganisms appeared to have some role in the translocation of phosphorus to soil binding sites. After phosphorus contacted the soil surface, transpiration related entrainment of surface water and direct phosphorus uptake by plants were the dominant mechanisms for causing phosphorus to move deeper through the soil substrate. Removal of phosphorus from the interstitial water was by incorporation to biomass or direct sorption to soil binding sites / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Full text release at OhioLINK's ETD Center delayed at author's request

The 3' terminal stem loop of the WNV minus-strand [WNV3'(-) SL] RNA was previously shown to bind the cell protein, T-cell intracellular antigen-1 (TIA-1), and the related protein, TIAR. These two proteins are known to bind AU-rich sequences in the 3' UTRs of some cellular mRNAs. AU stretches are located in three single-stranded loops (L1, L2, and L3) of the WNV3'(-) SL RNA. The RNA binding activity of both proteins was reduced when L1 or L2, but not L3, AU sequences were deleted or substituted with Cs. Deletion or substitution with Cs of the entire AU-rich sequence in either L1 or L2 in a WNV infectious clone was lethal for the virus while mutation of some of these nt decreased the efficiency of virus replication. Mutant viral RNAs with small plaque or lethal phenotypes had similar translational efficiencies to wildtype RNA, but showed decreased levels of plus-strand RNA synthesis. These results correlated well with the efficiency of TIA-1 and/or TIAR binding in in vitro assays. In normal cells, TIA-1 and TIAR are evenly distributed in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Between 6 and 24 hr after WNV infection, TIAR concentrated in the perinuclear region and TIA-1 localization to this region began by 24 hr. Similar observations were made in DV2 infected cells but at later times after infection. In infected cells, both proteins colocalized with dsRNA, a marker for viral replication complexes, and with viral non-structural proteins. Anti-TIAR or anti-TIA-1 antibody coimmunoprecipitated viral NS3 and possibly other viral nonstructural proteins. In response to different types stress, TIA-1 and TIAR recruit cell mRNA poly(A)+ into cytoplasmic stress granules (SG) leading to general translational arrest in these cells. SG were not induced by flavivirus infection and cells became increasingly resistant to arsenite induction of SG with time after infection. Processing Body (PB) assembly was also decreased beginning at 24 hr. These data suggest that the sequestration of first TIAR and then TIA-1 via their interaction with viral components in flavivirus infected cells inhibits SG formation and prevents the shutoff of host translation.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 163-191).

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-138).

Title from title page of PDF (University of Missouri--St. Louis, viewed March 3, 2010). Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-113).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-141).

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1989.

Anions have a wide range of importance both in chemical, as well as biological, systems; thus, the design and synthesis of novel receptors with the ability to selectively recognize or bind a specific class of anions is a rapidly developing field of supramolecular chemistry. A series of novel, acyclic pyrrole-based anion receptors will be presented. These systems, which are based on pyridine 2,6-dicarboxamides, bind nitrite and carboxylate anions with good selectivity in dichloroethane solution and are also capable of binding cyanide anions weakly. Control systems, incorporating a benzene-1,3-dicarboxamide spacer, or those wherein the connectivity of the amide linkage is "reversed," either failed to act as effective anion receptors or displayed very different selectivities. Such observations provide support for the notion that small perturbations in the structure of these receptors can lead to drastic changes in their anionbinding properties. Furthermore, efforts have been made to attach macrocyclic phosphate-binding receptors developed in the Sessler Group to cellulose solid supports. The idea is that these macrocycles, once bound to cellulose, will be capable of extracting phosphate from solutions. Studies on the macrocyclic loading level and extraction abilities of the receptors are underway, and will be presented herein. / text

published_or_final_version / Medical Sciences / Master / Master of Medical Sciences