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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Nanocompósitos biocompatíveis de poliuretana com hidroxiapatita e nanocelulose

Arantes, Thaís Moraes 02 April 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-05-11T11:30:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Thaís Moraes Arantes - 2018.pdf: 12865431 bytes, checksum: 833a4469f3024d3214408e3e279efef6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-05-11T11:41:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Thaís Moraes Arantes - 2018.pdf: 12865431 bytes, checksum: 833a4469f3024d3214408e3e279efef6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-11T11:41:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Thaís Moraes Arantes - 2018.pdf: 12865431 bytes, checksum: 833a4469f3024d3214408e3e279efef6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-02 / Polyurethane nanocomposites were prepared with nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite and/or nanocellulose in order to obtain biocompatible materials. The nanocelluloses were obtained from sugarcane bagasse, seeking to evaluate their use as a source of cellulose nanofibers. The conditions of extraction and separation of the nanocelluloses were investigated. The effect of time and concentration of sulfuric acid was studied, resulting in particles with reduced size and homogeneity in the size distribution without cellulose degradation. The cellulose nanocrystals that presented the best results regarding suspension staining, crystallinity index, thermal properties, particle size and Zeta potential were those hydrolyzed in 50% H2SO4 at 45 ° C for 2 hours. For the synthesis of the hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles, a multivariate statistical analysis was carried out using a factorial design with resolution 23 . From which an empirical model was created that allows the control of the shape and size of the hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. HA nanoparticles with sizes varying from 8 nm to 600 nm were formed by oriented coalescence growth mechanism. The structure was confirmed by images of Electron Transmission Electron Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The hydroxyapatite nanoparticles presented a well-defined nanorod shape with a narrow size distribution. It was observed that the model was statistically significant and the main parameter for the growth of crystals in the hydrothermal process was the temperature. Polyurethanes derived from castor oil were synthesized without residues of their monomers. The insertion of the nanoparticles into the polymer matrix improved the thermal stability of the composite. Finally, the cell viability assay showed that polyurethane nanocomposites with hydroxyapatite are biocompatible and in this way can be used as biomaterial. / Foram preparados nanocompósitos de poliuretana com nanopartículas de hidroxiapatita e/ou nanocelulose buscando obter materiais biocompatíveis. As nanoceluloses foram obtidas do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, buscando avaliar a sua utilização como fonte de nanofibras de celulose. Foram investigadas as condições de extração e separação das nanoceluloses. Estudou-se o efeito do tempo e da concentração de ácido sulfúrico, que resultassem em partículas com tamanho reduzido e homogeneidade na distribuição de tamanho, sem que houvesse degradação da celulose. Os nanocristais de celulose que apresentaram os melhores resultados quanto à coloração da suspensão, índice de cristalinidade, propriedades térmicas, dimensão das partículas e potencial Zeta foram aqueles hidrolisados em H2SO4 50%, a 45 °C por 2 horas. Para a síntese das nanopartículas de hidroxiapatita (HA) foi realizada uma análise estatística multivariada usando um planejamento fatorial com resolução 23 . A partir do qual criou-se um modelo empírico que permite o controle da forma e tamanho das nanopartículas de hidroxiapatita. Foram sintetizadas nanopartículas de HA com tamanhos variando entre 8 nm e 600 nm, formados por mecanismo de crescimento por coalescência orientada. A estrutura foi confirmada por imagens de Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão e Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura. As nanopartículas de hidroxiapatita apresentaram formato de nanorod bem definidas e com estreita distribuição de tamanho. Observou-se que o modelo foi estatisticamente significativo e o parâmetro principal para o crescimento de cristais no processo hidrotérmico foi à temperatura. Poliuretanas derivadas do óleo de mamona foram sintetizadas sem resíduos de seus monômeros. A inserção das nanopartículas na matriz polimérica melhorou a estabilidade térmica do compósito. Por fim, o ensaio de viabilidade celular mostrou que nanocompósitos de poliuretana com hidroxiapatita são biocompatíveis e desta forma podem ser utilizados como biomaterial.

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