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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Elaboration de nanoparticules fonctionnelles à base de dérivés du poly(acide diméthylmalique) pour la vectorisation ciblée de principes actifs / Elaboration of functional nanoparticles based on poly(dimethylmalic acid) for the targeted vectorization of active agents

Khalil, Ali 20 November 2018 (has links)
L'objectif principal de ce travail de thèse étant la préparation de nanovecteurs biocompatibles, nous avons mis au point des systèmes catalytiques exempts de métal pour polymériser les différents monomères préparés dérivés de l’acide diméthylmalique. En présence de ces systèmes catalytiques, la polymérisation anionique par ouverture de cycle (aROP) se déroule de manière contrôlée avec une cinétique plus rapide que celle réalisée en présence d’autres organo-catalyseurs déjà décrit dans la littérature. Nous avons ainsi synthétisé trois homopolymères hydrophobes et deux familles de copolymères di-blocs amphiphiles ayant différentes balances hydrophiles/hydrophobes. Des nanoparticules (NPs) ont été préparées par nanoprécipitation à partir des homopolymères hydrophobes et des copolymères à blocs amphiphiles. La taille des NPs varie entre 30 et 170 nm avec de faibles dispersités (PDI ≤ 0,23) et ayant une très bonne stabilité à 4°C et à 37°C. Des études de cytotoxicité in vitro sur la lignée cellulaire d'hépatome HepaRG ont mis en évidence que toutes les NPs ont une faible toxicité à des concentrations inférieures à 3 μM. En parallèle, une sonde fluorescente, le DiR, a été encapsulée dans les NPs lors de la nanoprécipitation sans affecter les caractéristiques et la stabilité des NPs correspondantes. Enfin, des études in vitro utilisant ces NPs chargées en DiR ont montré que ces dernières étaient effectivement captées par les cellules HepaRG avec différents pourcentages de captation. / The main objective of this PhD thesis being the preparation of biocompatible nanovectors, we have set up metal-free catalytic systems to polymerize various prepared monomers derived from dimethylmalic acid. Using such catalytic systems, the anionic ring opening polymerization (aROP) proceeds in a controlled manner with faster kinetics compared to the organo-catalysts already reported in the literature. Three hydrophobic homopolymers and two families of amphiphilic block copolymers with different hydrophilic/hydrophobic balances have been therefore synthesized. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been prepared by nanoprecipitation of these hydrophobic homopolymers and amphiphilic block copolymers. The size of the NPs ranges from 30 to 170 nm with low dispersity values (PDI ≤ 0.23) and high stability at 4°C and 37°C. In vitro cytotoxicity studies on HepaRG hepatoma cell line have highlighted that all the NPs have low toxicity at concentrations lower than 3μM. In parallel, NPs were loaded with the fluorescent probe DiR without altering the characteristics and the stability of the corresponding DiR loaded NPs. Finally, in vitro studies using NPs loaded with DiR have shown that HepaRG cells effectively uptake the NPs in different percentages of uptake.
2

Encapsulação de fotossensibilizadores em nanopartículas lipídicas sólidas para maximização da eficiência fotodinâmica e fototoxicidade / Encapsulation of photosensitizers in solid lipid nanoparticles in order to maximization of photodynamic efficiency and phototoxicity

Lima, Adriel Martins 25 March 2013 (has links)
A Terapia Fotodinâmica (TFD) é uma técnica para tratamento de câncer que usa um fotossensibilizador (FS) na presença de luz e oxigênio molecular gerando espécies altamente reativas de oxigênio que levam as células tumorais à morte. Porém a hidrofobicidade de alguns FSs podem induzir a agregação em sistemas biológicos, com redução da sua atividade fotodinâmica. A incorporação de FSs em sistemas nanocarreadores pode ser uma alternativa para superar este problema. O objetivo deste trabalho foi preparar e caracterizar dois FSs hidrofóbicos (Hipericina e Tetra-carboxiftalocianinade zinco) encapsulados em nanopartículas lipídicas sólidas (NLS) para um potencial uso em terapia fotodinâmica. Os FSs incorporados em nanopartículas lipídicas sólidas foram preparados utilizando a técnica de ultra-sonicação e a caracterização físico-química foi realizada. O tamanho médio das nanopartículas de hipericina e tetra-carboxiftalocianinade zinco foram de 153 e 245 nm respectivamente, índice de polidispersão de 0,28 para Hy-NLS e 0,29 para FtZnT-NLS. Uma das vantagens dos sistemas de encapsulação utilizando NLS é o alto valor de eficiência de encapsulação (EE%) e neste estudo foram obtidos valores de eficiência de encapsulação superior a 80% para a Hy-NLS e FtZnT-NLS. De modo a obter a eficiência fotodinâmica da Hy e FtZnT antes e depois do encapsulamento em NLS, as constantes de velocidade de foto-decomposição utilizando dois agentes captadores de 1O2 (1,3 Difenilisobenzofurano e ácido úrico) foram determinadas. As constantes de velocidade de foto-decomposição tiveram aumento significativo após o encapsulamento que ocorreu provavelmente devido a um aumento no tempo de vida do estado triplete causado pelo aumento da solubilidade. Hy-NLS e FtZnT-NLS apresentaram um aumento acima de 30% e 60% respectivamente na acumulação intracelular e uma melhoria na fototoxicidade correlacionado com o aumento da acumulação intracelular. Todas essas vantagens sugerem que hipericina e a tetra-carboxiftalocianinade zincoencapsuladas em nanopartículas lipídicas sólidas tem potencial para serem utilizadas em terapia fotodinâmica. / Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a technique for treating cancer using a photosensitizer (PS) in the presence of light and molecular oxygen generating highly reactive oxygen species that lead to tumor cell death. The hydrophobicity of some photosensitizers can induce aggregation in biological systems, reducing its photodynamic activity. The incorporation of PSs in nanocarriers can be an alternative to overcome this problem. The aim of this work was to prepare and characterize two hydrophobic photosensitizers (Hypericin and Zinc tetra-carboxylicphthalocyanine) encapsulated in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for potential use in photodynamic therapy. The PSs incorporated into solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared using the ultrasonication technique, and physico-chemical characterization was performed. The average size of the nanoparticles with hypericin and zinc tetra-carboxylicphthalocyanine was 153 and 245 nm respectively, the polydispersivity index of 0.28 to Hy-SLN and 0.29 to FtZnT-SLN. One of the advantages of encapsulation systems using SLN is the high value of encapsulation efficiency (EE %). In this study were obtained values of encapsulation efficiency greater than 80% for the Hy-SLN and FtZnT-SLN. In order to obtain the photodynamic efficiency of Hy and FtZnT before and after encapsulation in SLN, rate constants using photo-decomposition of two scavengers of 1O2 agents (1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran and uric acid) were determined. The rate constants of photo-decomposition had significant increase after encapsulation which occurred probably due to an increase in the lifetime of the triplet state caused by the increased solubility. Hy-SLN and FtZnT-SLN showed an increase above 30% and 60% respectively in the intracellular accumulation and an improvement in phototoxicity correlated with increased intracellular accumulation. So, all these advantages suggest that hypericin and zinc tetra-carboxylicphthalocyanine encapsulated in solid lipid nanoparticles have potential to be used in photodynamic therapy.
3

Encapsulação de fotossensibilizadores em nanopartículas lipídicas sólidas para maximização da eficiência fotodinâmica e fototoxicidade / Encapsulation of photosensitizers in solid lipid nanoparticles in order to maximization of photodynamic efficiency and phototoxicity

Adriel Martins Lima 25 March 2013 (has links)
A Terapia Fotodinâmica (TFD) é uma técnica para tratamento de câncer que usa um fotossensibilizador (FS) na presença de luz e oxigênio molecular gerando espécies altamente reativas de oxigênio que levam as células tumorais à morte. Porém a hidrofobicidade de alguns FSs podem induzir a agregação em sistemas biológicos, com redução da sua atividade fotodinâmica. A incorporação de FSs em sistemas nanocarreadores pode ser uma alternativa para superar este problema. O objetivo deste trabalho foi preparar e caracterizar dois FSs hidrofóbicos (Hipericina e Tetra-carboxiftalocianinade zinco) encapsulados em nanopartículas lipídicas sólidas (NLS) para um potencial uso em terapia fotodinâmica. Os FSs incorporados em nanopartículas lipídicas sólidas foram preparados utilizando a técnica de ultra-sonicação e a caracterização físico-química foi realizada. O tamanho médio das nanopartículas de hipericina e tetra-carboxiftalocianinade zinco foram de 153 e 245 nm respectivamente, índice de polidispersão de 0,28 para Hy-NLS e 0,29 para FtZnT-NLS. Uma das vantagens dos sistemas de encapsulação utilizando NLS é o alto valor de eficiência de encapsulação (EE%) e neste estudo foram obtidos valores de eficiência de encapsulação superior a 80% para a Hy-NLS e FtZnT-NLS. De modo a obter a eficiência fotodinâmica da Hy e FtZnT antes e depois do encapsulamento em NLS, as constantes de velocidade de foto-decomposição utilizando dois agentes captadores de 1O2 (1,3 Difenilisobenzofurano e ácido úrico) foram determinadas. As constantes de velocidade de foto-decomposição tiveram aumento significativo após o encapsulamento que ocorreu provavelmente devido a um aumento no tempo de vida do estado triplete causado pelo aumento da solubilidade. Hy-NLS e FtZnT-NLS apresentaram um aumento acima de 30% e 60% respectivamente na acumulação intracelular e uma melhoria na fototoxicidade correlacionado com o aumento da acumulação intracelular. Todas essas vantagens sugerem que hipericina e a tetra-carboxiftalocianinade zincoencapsuladas em nanopartículas lipídicas sólidas tem potencial para serem utilizadas em terapia fotodinâmica. / Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a technique for treating cancer using a photosensitizer (PS) in the presence of light and molecular oxygen generating highly reactive oxygen species that lead to tumor cell death. The hydrophobicity of some photosensitizers can induce aggregation in biological systems, reducing its photodynamic activity. The incorporation of PSs in nanocarriers can be an alternative to overcome this problem. The aim of this work was to prepare and characterize two hydrophobic photosensitizers (Hypericin and Zinc tetra-carboxylicphthalocyanine) encapsulated in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for potential use in photodynamic therapy. The PSs incorporated into solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared using the ultrasonication technique, and physico-chemical characterization was performed. The average size of the nanoparticles with hypericin and zinc tetra-carboxylicphthalocyanine was 153 and 245 nm respectively, the polydispersivity index of 0.28 to Hy-SLN and 0.29 to FtZnT-SLN. One of the advantages of encapsulation systems using SLN is the high value of encapsulation efficiency (EE %). In this study were obtained values of encapsulation efficiency greater than 80% for the Hy-SLN and FtZnT-SLN. In order to obtain the photodynamic efficiency of Hy and FtZnT before and after encapsulation in SLN, rate constants using photo-decomposition of two scavengers of 1O2 agents (1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran and uric acid) were determined. The rate constants of photo-decomposition had significant increase after encapsulation which occurred probably due to an increase in the lifetime of the triplet state caused by the increased solubility. Hy-SLN and FtZnT-SLN showed an increase above 30% and 60% respectively in the intracellular accumulation and an improvement in phototoxicity correlated with increased intracellular accumulation. So, all these advantages suggest that hypericin and zinc tetra-carboxylicphthalocyanine encapsulated in solid lipid nanoparticles have potential to be used in photodynamic therapy.

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