Master of Science / Department of Statistics / Wei-Wen Hsu / Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) are endocrine disrupting chemicals which can imbalance the hormonal system in the human body and lead to deleterious diseases such as diabetes, irregular menstrual cycles, endometriosis, and breast cancer. These chemicals as environmental exposures still exist in the environment and food chains and can be accumulated in human fatty tissues for many years. These chemicals can also be passed from mothers to their children through placental transfer or breastfeeding; therefore, their offspring may be at increased risk of adverse health outcomes from these inherited chemicals. However, it is still unclear how the parental association with offspring health outcomes and the inter-generational phenotypic inheritance could be affected by these chemical compounds. In this study, we mainly focus on how PCBs and DDE can affect the inheritance of Body Mass Index (BMI) across generations, as BMI is the primary health outcome (or phenotype) linked to diabetes. We propose a biometrical inheritance model to investigate the effects of PCBs and DDE on the heritability of BMI over two generations. Technically, a linear mixed effects model is developed based on the decomposition of phenotypic variance and assuming the variance of the environmental effect depends on parental exposures. The proposed model is evaluated extensively by simulations and then is applied to Michigan Fisheater Cohort data for answering the research question of interest.

The objective of this thesis was to compare biometrical and slaughtering indicators of common carp crossbreeds using two different breeds of Amur mirror carp in performance testing. We applied top-crossing for the test establishment, using the Hungarian mirror carp (M2) on the maternal position. Males of Hungarian mirror carp (for the production of purebreed), Northern mirror carp (M72) and two breeds of Amur mirror carp (ALP ? bred in Pohořelice, ALV ? bred in Vodňany) were crossed on this breed and hybrids of scaly phenotype between Ropsha (ROP) and Tata carp (TAT) were used as a control group. The performance testing started in ponds (in the total of five localities) in the semi ? intensive way of management by releasing yolk sac fry (K0) and its subsequent rearing to the market size (K3). The performance test was completed in ponds after the third year of testing and the tested groups of fish were evaluated for biometrical and slaughtering indicators. In the overall evaluation of the edible parts of the body (processed body and fillets) by the ANCOVA method was not found a statistical difference among the mirror tested groups of fish. The only exception was the proportion of fillets without skin, which was significantly higher in the hybrid M2 x ALP than in breed M2, therefore I would not recommend this breed (M2) to commercial breeding. When comparing my results with other publications, the hybrid M2 x M72 could be used for commercial breeding together with the two hybrids of Amur mirror carp, who not only achieve high yield of edible parts of the body, but also the earlier tests confirmed higher growth, better survival and resistance to the KHV virus.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:13:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese HELOISA GODOY.pdf: 513288 bytes, checksum: e43546fed835a37a29e33e5d9272955e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-22 / To determine the nutritional value of corn, millet and sorghum in different sizes for broiler chickens, Label Rouge, animal performance and development of the digestive organs, experiments were performed in the areas of Poultry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG) and the Federal University of Tocantins (UFT). We evaluated the values of apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AME) in the dry and natural, the coefficients metabolism of nutrients, animal performance up to 28 days and the biometrics of the digestive organs of broiler type rustic Red Label line with diets based on corn, millet and sorghum in different sizes For the determination of AME and AME of grains, we used the method of excreta collection of chickens 14 days old were distributed in a completely randomized in two experimental trials, using 60% reference diet and 40% of food test. The AME values of dry matter of coarsely ground corn, finely ground corn, millet grain, finely ground millet, sorghum grain, sorghum grain sorghum thick and finely ground, were 3530, 3445, 3617, 3586, 3295, 3156 and 3024 kcal / kg, respectively and the values of the AME 3273, 3200, 3352, 3372, 3137, 3147 and 2.967kcal/kg natural matter, respectively. The coefficient of metabolism of nutrients improved with increased particle size, except for sorghum integer that showed the worst. The metabolizable energy was higher for sorghum grain and did not change for maize and millet for broilers Label Rouge. For the performance parameters, we used 300 animals during the early stage of development (1 to 28 days) in a completely randomized design and for morphometric measurements so sacrificed at 28 days, one animal per repetition, totaling 30 animals. Except for finely ground corn that showed the worst performance results, all other treatments were satisfactory, with millet grain made the best economic feasibility of its use. The rations provided in different sizes, showed that particle size influenced the consumption, the balance of dry matter and nitrogen and the coefficient of metabolism of nutrients and energy from seven to ten days of maize and sorghum and improved the AME values of millet. 17 to 24 days old animals fed grain sorghum had greater retention of dry matter and nitrogen. It is recommended that the pearl millet grain for chickens like hillbilly Label Rouge until 28 days old, as the treatments used showed little effect of particle size on performance and organ development and grain millet showed the best economic indicators proved to be a grain that can be delivered worldwide from day-old chicks for Label Rouge / Para determinar os valores nutricionais do milho, milheto e sorgo em diferentes granulometrias para frangos da linhagem Label Rouge, o desempenho dos animais e o desenvolvimento dos órgãos digestivos, foram realizados experimentos nos setores de Avicultura da Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) e na Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT). Avaliou-se os valores de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA) e energia metabolizável aparente corrigida para balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn) na matéria seca e natural, os coeficientes de metabolização dos nutrientes, o desempenho dos animais até os 28 dias e a biometria dos órgãos digestivos de frango de corte tipo caipira da linhagem Label Rouge com dietas a base de milho, milheto e sorgo em diferentes granulometrias Para a determinação da EMA e EMAn dos grãos, foi utilizado o método de coleta total de excretas em frangos de 14 dias de idade distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em dois ensaios experimentais, usando 60% de ração-referencia e 40% do alimento-teste. Os valores de EMAn na matéria seca do milho moído grosso, milho moído fino, milheto grão, milheto moído fino, sorgo em grão, sorgo moído grosso e sorgo moído fino, foram 3.530, 3.445, 3.617, 3.586, 3.295, 3.156 e 3.024 kcal/kg, respectivamente e os valores de EMAn de 3.273, 3.200, 3.352, 3.372, 3.137, 3.147 e 2.967kcal/kg na matéria natural, respectivamente. O coeficiente de metabolização dos nutrientes melhorou com o aumento da granulometria, exceto para o sorgo inteiro que apresentou os piores valores. Os valores de energia metabolizável foram maiores para o sorgo em grão e não variaram para o milho e para o milheto para frangos de corte Label Rouge. Para os parâmetros de desempenho, foram utilizados 300 animais durante a fase inicial de desenvolvimento (1 aos 28 dias de vida), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado e para as medidas morfométricas forma sacrificados aos 28 dias, um animal por repetição, totalizando 30 animais. Exceto o milho finamente moído que apresentou os piores resultados de desempenho, todos os demais tratamentos mostraram-se satisfatórios, tendo o milheto em grão apresentado a melhor viabilidade econômica com seu uso. As rações fornecidas nas diferentes granulometrias,demonstraram que a granulometria influenciou o consumo, o balanço da matéria seca e do nitrogênio e o coeficiente de metabolização desses nutrientes e da energia dos sete aos dez dias do milho e do sorgo e melhorou os valores de EMAn do milheto moído. Dos 17 aos 24 dias de idade os animais alimentados com sorgo em grão tiveram maior retenção de matéria seca e nitrogênio. Recomenda-se a utilização do milheto em grão para frangos do tipo caipira Label Rouge até os 28 dias de idade, já os tratamentos utilizados mostraram pouco efeito do tamanho da partícula no desempenho e desenvolvimento dos órgãos e o milheto em grão mostrou os melhores índices econômicos demonstrando ser um grão que pode ser fornecido inteiro desde o primeiro dia de idade para pintos Label Rouge