In the wake of the 2001 anthrax attacks in the US, States Parties to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention started to discuss the potential malign application of biological research and technology. This thesis examines how this issue of dual-use has been developed, discussed, and how solutions have been proposed. In order to do so, the thesis follows a neopragmatist approach. As a neopragmatist methodology is largely underdeveloped, the thesis explores some of the key aspects of neopragmatism, specifically its openness to various methods and theories, by directly applying it to the topic. As a result of this approach, the thesis starts with exploratory empirical research, which follows Bruno Latour’s Actor Network Theory. This research reviews how the problem of dual-use has been discussed in three communities: politics and security, ethics, and science. One of the results is that dual-use has primarily been discussed in the security community while the other two were only marginally involved. The proposed solution to the problem by the security community is to place the burden of responsibility on the scientific community. The second part of the thesis then uses theory, Niklas Luhmann’s social systems theory and Martin Heidegger’s work on questioning technology, to critically challenge this solution developed in the security community. The thesis concludes by identifying approaches to help deal with the dual-use issue. It also examines how the adoption of a neopragmatist methodology has influenced and guided the thesis.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T18:39:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6567.pdf: 3917127 bytes, checksum: 48f84dc67217b287fab990b1a19e15fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-01 / The proposed work for this research, entitled Biotechnology, bioethics, biolaw,biosecurity and biodefense in the DCBRNE context: actuality, challenges and perspectives is considered controversial, and in the language of national defense, it is a sensitive issue because it is related to the different interface controversial fields of legal, military, political and religious content within the scientific-technological context of biotechnology, biosafety, bioethics and biolaw. This dissertation is intended in particular to reflect the related issues and their applicability in the Brazilian legal system, as well as in the relationship between public agencies in their conduct, in order to elucidate the best possible way some of the many questions of Biotechnology trinomial bioethics-biolaw when applied to areas of biodefense and biosecurity in the context of defense CBRNE (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and Explosives). There is no doubt that in this universe of areas, biotechnology plays probably the main role. The present study is based on digital, booklets, handbooks, journals and medicalscientific publications and research knowledge gained in the course of the profession of Military State Police as a Lieutenant of that force, having several courses of area as well as in civil training of Bachelor of Law with as a member of the Order of Lawyers of Brazil. Among other conclusions, it appears the lack of disclosure over actions against CBRNE incidents, operations centers to assume coordination of events and training, and training materials for this type of threats especially those conducting the first calls (responsiveness), not to mention the health situation in the hospitals and medical care, which also unaware of how to individualize the onset of diseases, which are very similar. Throughout the realization of this project, it was possible to verify that all the material gathered here, analyzed and discussed there, as far as we know, does not exist neither in Portuguese nor English. Thus, we believe that it will become an important reference material and consultation mainly by the various agencies that deal with public safety and national defense, in particular, those related to CBRNE defense. / O tema proposto para este trabalho de mestrado, intitulado Biotecnologia, Bioética, Biodireito, Biossegurança e Biodefesa no contexto DQBRNE: atualidade, perspectivas e desafios é considerado polêmico e, na linguagem da defesa nacional, é um assunto sensível por estar relacionado à interface de diversos campos controversos de teor jurídico, militar, político e religioso dentro do contexto científico-tecnológico da biotecnologia, da biossegurança, da bioética e do biodireito. A presente dissertação destina-se em especial a uma reflexão dos temas correlatos e sua aplicabilidade no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, bem como, na relação dos Órgãos Públicos em sua conduta, a fim de elucidar da melhor maneira possível alguns dos muitos questionamentos do trinômio biotecnologia-bioética-biodireito quando aplicado às áreas de biossegurança e biodefesa no contexto de defesa QBRNE (Quimica, Biológica, Radiológica, Nuclear e Explosivos). Não há dúvidas que nesse universo de áreas, a biotecnologia joga, provavelmente, o papel principal. O presente estudo baseia-se em pesquisas digitais, apostilas, manuais, periódicos e publicações medicas-científicas e no conhecimento adquirido no transcorrer da profissão de Servidor Público Militar do Estado, na formação profissional na graduação de Subtenente da Policia Militar, possuindo diversos cursos da área, bem como, na formação civil de Bacharel em Direito e com aprovação no exame da Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil. Dentre outras conclusões, constata-se a falta mais divulgação de ações contra incidentes QBRNE, centros de operações que assumam coordenação de eventos e treinamento, capacitação e materiais para este tipo de ameaças em especial as pessoas que realizam os primeiros atendimentos (capacidade de resposta), isto sem falar da situação de saúde nos hospitais e atendimento médico, que também desconhecem como individualizar o inicio de doenças, que em muito são semelhantes. Ao longo da realização deste projeto, foi possível verificar que o conjunto do material aqui reunido, analisado e discutido não existe, até onde nós sabemos, nem em português nem em inglês. Dessa maneira, consideramos que ele se tornará importante material de referência e consulta principalmente pelas diversas agências que lidam com segurança pública e defesa nacional, em particular, aquelas vinculadas à defesa QBRNE.

In the wake of the 2001 anthrax attacks in the US, States Parties to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention started to discuss the potential malign application of biological research and technology. This thesis examines how this issue of dual-use has been developed, discussed, and how solutions have been proposed. In order to do so, the thesis follows a neopragmatist approach. As a neopragmatist methodology is largely underdeveloped, the thesis explores some of the key aspects of neopragmatism, specifically its openness to various methods and theories, by directly applying it to the topic. As a result of this approach, the thesis starts with exploratory empirical research, which follows Bruno Latour’s Actor Network Theory. This research reviews how the problem of dual-use has been discussed in three communities: politics and security, ethics, and science. One of the results is that dual-use has primarily been discussed in the security community while the other two were only marginally involved. The proposed solution to the problem by the security community is to place the burden of responsibility on the scientific community. The second part of the thesis then uses theory, Niklas Luhmann’s social systems theory and Martin Heidegger’s work on questioning technology, to critically challenge this solution developed in the security community. The thesis concludes by identifying approaches to help deal with the dual-use issue. It also examines how the adoption of a neopragmatist methodology has influenced and guided the thesis.