Conducting species inventories is important to provide baseline information essential for management and conservation. Furthermore, understanding the effects of anthropogenic and environmental factors on species richness and occurrence are crucial to conserve species. Aldesa Valley lies in the Tabuk Region of Saudi Arabia, and because of the presence of permanent water and vegetation, is thought to contain high biodiversity. I estimated avian species richness and occurrence in Aldesa Valley during May 10–August 10 in 2014 and 2015 to detect bird species richness and occurrence. I used generalized linear models and occupancy models for six commonly detected bird species. I recorded 24 bird species, and found that species richness and occupancy was affected by numerous anthropogenic and environmental factors that influenced species detection and presence. I encourage more biological inventories to further document species occurrences and facilitate conservation of the unique species assemblages in Aldesa Valley.