abstract: Background. Research suggests that non-O blood types are at an increased risk of thrombosis and related health complications in cardiovascular disease (CVD). This is due in part to higher concentrations of von Willebrand factor (VWF), an important factor involved in blood clotting. Objective. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a vegetarian-like diet on blood coagulation and other health parameters in adults with type A blood compared to type O blood over a four week intervention. Given the lack of previous research on blood type and diet, it was hypothesized that no difference in blood coagulation would be observed. Design. This study was a randomized, parallel arm, dietary intervention using healthy, omnivorous adults with blood types A and O. A total of 39 subjects completed the study. Subjects were randomized into two groups: a vegetarian-like diet group made up of 12 type As and 12 type Os and an omnivorous control diet group made up of 11 type As and 12 type Os. At weeks 0 and 4, fasting blood was drawn and analyzed for prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), von Willebrand factor (VWF), total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, and CRP. In addition, subjects were weighed and filled out a FFQ at weeks 0 and 4. Results. After adhering to a vegetarian-like diet for four weeks, type Os had a significant increase in PT (+0.24±0.32 sec/ p=0.050), whereas type As saw no significant change. There was a trend of weight loss for type Os in the vegetarian-like diet group (-1.8±2.6 lb/ p=0.092) and significant weight loss for type As (-0.9±2.1 lb/ p=0.037). Both blood types O and A experienced significant decreases in BMI (-0.3±0.4/ p=0.092 and -0.2±0.3/ p=0.037, respectively). No change was seen in APTT, VWF, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, or CRP. Conclusion. Type Os saw an increase in PT, perhaps indicating a reduction in risk of thrombosis and its related health complications. Type As were less responsive to the dietary intervention and may require more rigid dietary guidelines or a longer time on such a diet to see the benefits. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Nutrition 2013

This research investigates the role of ABO blood type of erythrocytes in their dielectrophoretic response. The dielectrophoresis of erythrocytes of positive ABO blood types was studied at 5 V (peak to peak) and 1 MHz frequency AC field. The study revealed that the ABO blood type had an influence on the dielectrophoretic motion of the erythrocytes, particularly separating AB+ and O+ blood types. This is of particular significance since AB+ is a universal acceptor and O+ is a universal donor for blood transfusion purposes. The influence of field parameters, namely field strength and frequency of the AC field, was also studied for erythrocytes of positive ABO blood types. This research revealed that erythrocytes of each blood type respond differently at various frequencies and field strengths.

The ‘Blood-Type’ diet advises individuals to eat according to their ABO blood group to optimize health without the support of science evidence. The objective of this study was to determine whether consumption of a diet in accordance with an individual’s ABO genotype is associated with various biomarkers of cardiometabolic health. Study subjects (n=1,455) were participants of the Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health study. Dietary intake was assessed using a one-month, 196-item food frequency questionnaire and a diet score was calculated to determine relative adherence to each of the four blood type diets. ABO blood group was determined by genotyping rs8176719 and rs8176746 in the ABO gene. The results show that adherence to the Type-A, Type-AB, and Type-O diets were associated with favourable profile of certain cardiometabolic risk factors (P<0.05); however, these dietary effects were not dependent on someone’s ABO blood group. Therefore, the findings do not support the “Blood-Type” diet hypothesis

The ‘Blood-Type’ diet advises individuals to eat according to their ABO blood group to optimize health without the support of science evidence. The objective of this study was to determine whether consumption of a diet in accordance with an individual’s ABO genotype is associated with various biomarkers of cardiometabolic health. Study subjects (n=1,455) were participants of the Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health study. Dietary intake was assessed using a one-month, 196-item food frequency questionnaire and a diet score was calculated to determine relative adherence to each of the four blood type diets. ABO blood group was determined by genotyping rs8176719 and rs8176746 in the ABO gene. The results show that adherence to the Type-A, Type-AB, and Type-O diets were associated with favourable profile of certain cardiometabolic risk factors (P<0.05); however, these dietary effects were not dependent on someone’s ABO blood group. Therefore, the findings do not support the “Blood-Type” diet hypothesis

Étant donné l'immunogénicité de l’antigène Dal et sa prévalence élevée (> 98% des chiens sont Dal-positifs), il peut être extrêmement difficile de trouver du sang compatible pour un patient Dal-négatif précédemment transfusé et ayant besoin d’une deuxième transfusion sanguine. De plus, l’accès aux réactifs pour le typage sanguin est actuellement limité, notamment parce qu'il dépend d’anticorps polyclonaux (AcP) produits à la suite de la sensibilisation de trois rares chiens Dal-négatifs identifiés sporadiquement au cours de la dernière décennie dans la colonie d'enseignement de la Faculté de médecine vétérinaire de l'Université de Montréal. Par conséquent, l’objective de cette étude était de produire et de caractériser un anticorps monoclonal murin (AcM) dirigé contre l’antigène canin Dal afin d’assurer la pérennité du typage sanguin Dal. Utilisant la technologie conventionnelle des hybridomes, 5 souris femelles BALB/c ont été immunisées par des injections intrapéritonéales répétées avec des concentrés de globules rouges canines lavés (GRc) Dal-positifs jusqu'à ce que le titrage d’anticorps soit suffisant (> 1 : 10000). Après la fusion de cellules spléniques avec des cellules de myélome, 573 surnageants ont été récoltés à partir du jour 12 post-fusion pour le dépistage avec la technique d'agglutination sur colonne de gel utilisant des GRc Dal-négatif et Dal-positif connus. Parmi 15 surnageants qui ont montré une réaction d’agglutination, un seul avait le patron souhaité (c'est-à-dire anti-Dal). Afin d’évaluer la spécificité et la sensibilité de l’AcM, le typage sanguin Dal de 62 échantillons de GRc a été réalisé en utilisant le AcM anti-Dal et deux AcP canins préalablement caractérisés: 45 échantillons Dal-positifs et 17 Dal-négatifs ont été identifiés avec une concordance de 100 % entre les réactifs (kappa = 1). L’AcM anti-Dal produit a été déterminé comme étant une IgG1. / Given the immunogenicity of the Dal antigen and its high prevalence (>98% of dogs are Dal-positive), it can be extremely difficult to find compatible blood for a previously transfused Dal-negative patient in need of a second blood transfusion. Moreover, access to blood typing reagents is currently limited, in part because it relies on polyclonal antibodies (PAb) produced following the sensitization of three rare Dal-negative dogs identified sporadically over the last decade in the teaching colony of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Montreal. Therefore, the objective of this study was to produce and characterize a murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) directed against the canine Dal antigen, to ensure perennity for Dal blood typing. Using conventional hybridoma technology, 5 BALB/c female mice were immunized by repeated intraperitoneal injections with Dal-positive washed canine red blood cell (cRBC) concentrates until antibody titer was sufficient (>1 : 10000). After fusion of splenic cells with myeloma cells, 573 supernatants were collected starting 12 days post-fusion for screening with the gel column agglutination technique using known Dal-negative and Dal-positive cRBC. Among 15 supernatants that showed an agglutination reaction, only one had the desired pattern (i.e., anti-Dal). To assess the specificity and sensitivity of the MAb, the Dal blood typing of 62 cRBC samples was performed using the anti-Dal MAb and two previously characterized canine PAb: 45 Dal-positive and 17 Dal-negative samples were identified with 100% agreement between reagents (kappa = 1). The anti-Dal MAb produced was determined to be IgG1.