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Bluegrass music was formed, in part, to be part of the soundtrack of emigration from the American South to industrial centers. The texts of some widely enjoyed bluegrass songs express the losses in this transition, often in longing for far-off, idealized places. Through a decade of ethnographic research on bluegrass in the Czech Republic, I have found Czech bluegrass - related music makers articulate a more globally expanded experience of dislocation and desire. Czech fans and musicians alike (bluegrassers") have blurred some genre and style boundaries as they have adapted American forms for local usage. Infusing the European landscape with "far away" ideas and tropes, Czech bluegrassers create "country" spaces that have flourished and diversified through political and social changes since the introduction of the music in the 1950s. These idealized “real-imaginary” spaces allow participants to reinterpret and reshape their social and natural environments. Part of today¹s global bluegrass scene, Czech bluegrass projects also connect with local folk and folklore milieus, as well as Czech musical and political history. Balancing a sense of locality with cosmopolitan elements bluegrassers shape the particular ‘country’ in which their music resounds. Following Melinda Reidinger and Ruth Gruber in addressing questions of self-realization through "real-imaginary" recreation in the Czech lands, I describe how bluegrass-related music-making has persisted, flourishing, through political and social changes, affording participants a way of interpreting and reshaping their physical and social environments through the idealized soundscapes connected to American music."

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Bluegrass is a music form often considered to be necessarily or uniquely connected to Appalachia. Significant popular and scholarly discourses (Malone, Negus, etc.) support the sense of a homological relationship (Middleton, Born, Murphy) linking certain rural spaces with country musics. At the same time, bluegrass has a broad and varied global appeal. Abroad, bluegrass is often a part of "Americanism," the negotiation of cultural elements from the United States--and is subject to an array of different cultural politics. This presentation presents an analysis and contextualization of three Czech bluegrass-related songs to indicate some ways in which bluegrass music makers can create a sense of place far afield from the music's putative geographic roots. During their long history of Americanism Czechs have inscribed "real imaginary" elements of Americana on their environment, laying a foundation for the current interest in bluegrass music. Czech articulations of this imagined "Amerika" in translated, newly-created, and recontextualized bluegrass songs reveals a playful ambiguity. Czechs have cultivated this music and sense of place through Americanisms that blur boundaries between what is American and what is Czech. These cases challenge homologies of sound and geography, and provide new ways to consider music and place in Appalachia.

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Excerpt: Proc ty housle? ("Why the fiddle?") - "Fiddlers are all bad here - Why not write about the banjo or something else that Czechs are good at?"These questions about my ethnographic fieldwork came from musician colleagues with whom I working in researching bluegrass music in the Czech Republic, during a jam circle around a table. While these colleagues were mainly banjo and guitar players, these critiques of Czech fiddling are common even among Czech fiddlers, who are in many cases not as accomplished (in technical skill or musicality) as are their banjo-playing and mandolin-picking compatriots.

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Excerpt: In an interview published in the February 1992 issue of The Banjo Newsletter and conducted by bluegrass historian Neil Rosenberg and banjo player and instruction book author Tony Trischka, Carroll Best conveyed the depth of his connections to the instrument he had mastered: “When I was old enough to pick up a banjo I wanted to play.”