Thesis (Ed.D.)--Duquesne University, 2009. / Title from document title page. Abstract included in electronic submission form. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-97) and index.

Thesis (M.Ed.(Education Management and Policy Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-84) Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.U.P.)--Michigan State University of Agriculture and Applied Science. Dept. of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, 1957.

Thesis (Ed. D.)--Montana State University--Bozeman, 2007. / Typescript. Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Joanne Erickson. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 157-168).

Dissertation (Ed.D.)--University of Toledo, 2009. / Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Education Degree in Educational Administration and Supervision." Bibliography: leaves 92-99.

There has been much discussion in the literature in the past decade as boards of directors worldwide have faced increasing stakeholder demands for accountability. The conventional wisdom that stakeholders were passive players, who ceded responsibility for the company to the board, has gone and been replaced by a growing sensitivity to the risk of corporate liability. It is still not widely understood that business enterprise is as much a moral act as an economic one. In the 1980's, boardroom behaviour was perceived as unresponsive, mercenary, formal, guarded, ritualistic and legalistic. However, we know little about the culture of these 'managerial elites' (Pettigrew and McNulty, 1995) but one approach is to adopt a psychoanalytic perspective. Psychoanalytic theory is, inter alia, a method of understanding group processes. Bion (1959) and Bridger (1986) postulated that rationality in groups could be compromised by the activity of 'basic assumptions' or unconscious mechanisms that, in turn, can impact upon the formation of the group as a social institution (Fenichel, 1945). The search for deep, underlying structures has been continuously advocated by Geertz (1973), an anthropologist, and the need to distinguish between 'thin' and 'thick' description; the former relating to what is merely observable and the latter to an interpretive, iterative process that seeks out the basic significance of events. The psychoanalytic model, with its premise of not taking for granted what is directly observable, presents an opportunity to examine the power of unconscious group processes in the construction of boardroom decisions. This research aims to demonstrate that the application of clinical concepts to the analysis of boardroom relationships can produce an enriching effect on more traditional theories of organisational functioning.

The problem of the study was to determine if differences exist, and if so to what extent, in the perceptions of school board presidents in selected Texas school districts with and without community education programs with respect to six basic components of community education programs commonly identified by experts in the field.

Recruitment, selection and transfer of educators were decentralized after South Africa became a democratic state in 1994 and shifted to School Governing Bodies. The legislation promoted a shared governance and participation of parents in issues that are related to recruitment, selection and transfer of educators, but parents are struggling and facing challenges in performing these tasks as School Governing Body members especially in the Butterworth district, as a result of that Butterworth district is experiencing problems with increasing number of disputes resulting from the appointment of educators after they have been recommended by the School Governing Bodies. This study focuses on the recruitment, selection and transfer of educators in the Butterworth district of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The study sought to reveal the thinking behind government insistence on giving the School Governing Bodies a responsibility to recruit, select and transfer educators knowing fully well that they do not perform this responsibility. A qualitative approach was used to explore and challenge this phenomenon. This approach is concerned with understanding social phenomenon from the participant’s perspective. In depth semi – structured interviews with open ended questions were used to bring the researcher more closer to a more plausible perspective of this phenomenon. Moreover, they were used because they are the most appropriate method to capture the data. The findings revealed that School Governing Bodies are faced with challenges such as: high level of illiteracy, manipulation of School Governing Bodies by school management, unions and candidates, the issue of regionalism and kickbacks, capacity building and empowerment and role played by the Departmental Officials. By conducting this study, we hope that the findings might contribute in identifying the disjuncture between the policy and the practice in issues pertaining to educator recruitment, selection and transfers.

Issues regarding the effects of supply management systems, seem to attract special attention from the industry, policy makers, and academic environments. The Canadian dairy industry is no exception. In addition to higher milk product prices for the consumer, the milk marketing quota is perhaps the most debated side of the dairy supply management regime. The milk quotas were initially allocated to each farmer, and are now traded openly in most provinces through a milk quota exchange. Substantial variation in milk quota prices can be observed in the last 15 years as compared to the TSE 300 Stock Price Index. The objective of this research is to analyze and explore why the large variation in observed milk quota prices in the 1980's and 1990's occurred, and to reveal the factors that are important for the formation of milk quota prices. Two factors are the focus of this thesis, one is the uncertainty regarding the future of the supply management system, especially during the two major trade negotiations, GATT and CUSTA, that took place in the late 1980's and early 1990's. The second is the expectations of future returns from holding milk production quotas that were formed in the presence of this uncertainty. Based on a standard capitalization model, three price functions are derived. Using an adaptive expectation framework, and one of the most complete data sets collected for the purpose of analyzing quota prices and quota issues in Ontario, Quebec, and Alberta, the estimated results suggest that, in general, unit changes in the net profit variable are important in MSQ pricing, more so for Used MSQ prices and fluid milk quota prices, than Unused MSQ prices. This supports the impression that fluctuations in Unused MSQ prices are partly driven by short-run considerations to avoid over-quota and maintenance penalties. The adaptive expectation model provides better results when explaining the formation of MSQ prices than fluid milk quota prices. This analysis also concludes that the milk quota auction is not a perfectly understood marketplace, and that several puzzles remain to be explained in future work. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

I examine whether and how racially/ethnically diverse board impacts the quality of reported earnings. Agency theory suggests that the board of directors acts as a robust governance mechanism to reduce opportunistic managerial behavior that may harm shareholders' wealth. Further, diversity coalesces a variety of attributes from different directors that are valuable in predicting organizational outcomes. The majority of extant literature focuses on gender-diverse boards and various firm outcomes, while little is known about how directors' race/ethnicity affects earnings quality. Using a sample of firms publicly traded in the U.S., I find that increased board racial/ethnic diversity is associated with better earnings quality as proxied by lower discretionary accruals and lower probability of internal control weaknesses and financial statement restatements. I further examine whether firms with increased diversity (racial/ethnic and gender diversity) enjoy incrementally higher earnings quality than other firms. However, I fail to find support that racial/ethnic and gender intersectionality is associated with improved earnings quality. Lastly, based on critical mass theory, I test whether an industry descriptive norm is necessary for firms to enjoy increased earnings quality. I find that racial/ethnic directors have a meaningful impact on a firm's earnings quality regardless of the level of diversity; even firms with lower than the industry descriptive norm of racial/ethnic diversity enjoy improved earnings quality. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2021. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection