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Published Article / A study was conducted to determine the differences between four breeds in respect of coat score, hide-thickness, tick burden and body condition score. The study was comprised of 40 heifers - 10 of each breed, namely Afrikaner, Braford, Charolais and Drakensberger. A subjective system of coat scoring, ranging from extremely short to very woolly, was used. Body condition score was measured subjectively, with 1 being emaciated and 9 being obese. Hide-thickness (in mm) and tick count were also determined. Between August 2007 and early March 2008, measurements were carried out on the same 10 animals of each breed, with highly significant differences in body condition score, hide-thickness and tick count being observed between the breeds in all instances. Coat scores differed significantly between breeds in the earlier and latter stages of the study becoming less significant midway through. A significant difference in body condition score within breeds was also found, while hide-thickness did not differ significantly within breeds.

Orientador: José Luiz Moraes Vasconcelos / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação com monensina, em vacas nelore paridas a pasto, em anestro, nas concentrações plasmáticas de AGNE, IGF-1, no diâmetro de maior folículo e na capacidade de resposta desse folículo a um estímulo ovulatório hormonal (GnRH). Nesse estudo foram usadas 302 vacas (123 primíparas e 179 multíparas) que foram divididas em dois tratamentos, proporcionalmente, onde o lote controle recebeu apenas suplementação mineral e o lote tratado recebeu suplementação monensina (110mg/vaca/dia). Os tratamentos se iniciaram 30 dias pré-parto, onde avaliou-se o ECC pré-parto, até 90 dias pós-parto. Todas as vacas, em média aos 54 dias pós-parto, receberam um estímulo hormonal ovulatório (administração de 50 mcg de GnRH), foram avaliadas para o escore de condição corporal (escala de 1 a 5), colhido sangue para análise de IGF-1 e AGNE e foram avaliadas para o do diâmetro folicular através de ultra-sonografia (US). Após 7 dias nova US foi realizada para verificar a taxa de ovulação. As variáveis foram submetidas à análise de variância pelo GLM do SAS. O ECC pós-parto foi maior (p<0,01) em vacas tratadas com monensina (3,11) que vacas controle (3,00); além disso, vacas tratadas não perderam ECC no período periparto enquanto vacas controle perderam 0,19 pontos. Vacas suplementadas com monensina (883,9 mmol/l) tiveram concentração plasmática de AGNE menor (p<0,01) que vacas controle (1013,8 mmol/l), caracterizando, junto com a ECC, menor mobilização de reservas. Já a concentração plasmática de IGF-1 foi maior (p<0,01) nas vacas tratadas (118,5 ng/ml) que vacas controle (85,1 ng/ml). Primíparas (118,0 ng/ml) apresentaram IGF-1 maior (p<0,01) que multíparas (84,8 ng/ml). Vacas tratadas (10,07mm) apresentaram folículo maior que vacas controle (9,58mm) e multíparas (10,35mm) maior que primíparas (9,30mm)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effects of monensin supplementation in suckled anestrous Nellore cows on IGF-1 and NEFA concentrations, follicular diameter and GnRH ovulatory response. In this trial were used 302 cows (123 primiparous and 179 multiparous) divided in two treatments. The control group received only mineral supplementation and the treated group received monensin supplementation (110 mg/cow/day). The treatments began 30 days prepartum to 90 days postpartum. All cows, at average of 54 days postpartum, received hormonal ovulatory stimulation (50 mcg GnRH), BCS were evaluated (1 to 5 scale), blood samples were collected to IGF-1 and NEFA analysis and follicular diameter was measured by ultrasound (US). Seven days later ovulation rate was evaluated. Cows that received monensin had higher postpartum BCS (3.11) and lost less BCS at peripartum than control cows (3.00). Treated cows had lower (P<0.01) NEFA plasmatic concentration (883.9 mmol/l) than control cows (101.8 mmo/l), which associated with BCS suggests less reserve mobilization. IGF-1 plasmatic concentration was higher in treated cows (11.5 ng/ml) than control cows (85.1 ng/ml). Primiparous (118.0 ng/ml) had higher IGF-1 than multiparous (84.8 ng/ml). Treated cows had higher follicular diameter (10.07mm) than control cows (9,58mm) and multiparous (10.35mm) higher than primiparous (9.30mm). The hormonal ovulatory stimulation (GnRH) response is follicle diameter dependent and treated cows had higher response (35.9%) than control cows (31.5%). Monensin supplementation is a good strategy to improve energy status due to decrease in BCS loss and reduction of NEFA concentration. Monensin supplementation also increased IGF-1 plasmatic concentration, follicular diameter and hormonal (GnRH) ovulatory response. / Mestre

Atualmente, a avaliação do treinamento e da nutrição dos cavalos de esporte, vem sendo amplamente estudada , no intuito de atingir o máximo desempenho dos cavalos de esporte nas competições. A composição corpórea muscular e de deposição de gordura, assim como em humanos, é um dos melhores indicativos deste desempenho. O escore de condição corporal (ECC) é um indicador subjetivo do estado corpóreo em equinos, baseado exclusivamente no depósito de gordura .A ultrassonografia tem demonstrado ser uma ferramenta de grande valor nesta avaliação.Com o objetivo de estudar a relação do escore corporal com medidas de espessura de gordura e músculos obtidas através da ultrassonografia em três raças distintas , utilizou-se 14 equinos Puro Sangue Inglês(PSI), 7 equinos Quarto de Milha(QM) e 10 equinos Puro Sangue Árabe(PSA) , com idade média de 3,5± 0,5 anos e peso médio de 471 quilos. Os animais foram avaliados por ultrassonografia em três regiões paralelas a coluna vertebral: espessura da gordura lombar(EGL), espessura do músculo glúteo(EMG) e espessura da gordura na cauda(EGC).As mensurações foram realizadas a cada 30 dias ,durante 60 dias. Os resultados mostraram um comportamento diferente entre as raças, porém a correlação do escore corporal com a medida de espessura de gordura na base da cauda(EGC),teve uma maior correlação, comparada com as outras variáveis ultrassonográficas. A avaliação ultrassonográfica mostrou-se uma ferramenta confiável e prática de avaliação de condição corpórea nas raças de cavalos de esporte. / Currently, the evaluation of training and nutrition for sport horses, has been widely studied in order to achieve maximum performance of sport horses in competitions. The body composition of muscle and fat deposition, as well as in humans, is one of the best indicators of performance. The body condition score (BCS) is a subjective indicator of body condition in horses, based exclusively on fat deposition. Ultrasonography has proved to be a valuable tool in the evaluation. In order to study the relationship score with measures of body fat and muscle thickness obtained by ultrasonography in three distinct races, we used 14 Thoroughbred horses (PSI), 7 Quarter Horses (QM) and 10 Purebred Arabian horses (PSA) with a mean age of 3.5 ± 0.5 years and average weight of 471 kg. Os animals were evaluated by ultrasonography in three regions parallel to the spine, back fat thickness (EGL ), thickness of gluteal muscle (EMG) and fat thickness in tail (EGC). the measurements were performed every 30 days for 60 days. The results showed a different behavior between the races, but the correlation of scores with a measure of body fat thickness at the head of the tail (EGC), had a higher correlation, compared with the other variables Ultrasonographic evaluation proved to be a reliable and practical tool for assessing body condition of horses in sport horses.

Atualmente, a avaliação do treinamento e da nutrição dos cavalos de esporte, vem sendo amplamente estudada , no intuito de atingir o máximo desempenho dos cavalos de esporte nas competições. A composição corpórea muscular e de deposição de gordura, assim como em humanos, é um dos melhores indicativos deste desempenho. O escore de condição corporal (ECC) é um indicador subjetivo do estado corpóreo em equinos, baseado exclusivamente no depósito de gordura .A ultrassonografia tem demonstrado ser uma ferramenta de grande valor nesta avaliação.Com o objetivo de estudar a relação do escore corporal com medidas de espessura de gordura e músculos obtidas através da ultrassonografia em três raças distintas , utilizou-se 14 equinos Puro Sangue Inglês(PSI), 7 equinos Quarto de Milha(QM) e 10 equinos Puro Sangue Árabe(PSA) , com idade média de 3,5± 0,5 anos e peso médio de 471 quilos. Os animais foram avaliados por ultrassonografia em três regiões paralelas a coluna vertebral: espessura da gordura lombar(EGL), espessura do músculo glúteo(EMG) e espessura da gordura na cauda(EGC).As mensurações foram realizadas a cada 30 dias ,durante 60 dias. Os resultados mostraram um comportamento diferente entre as raças, porém a correlação do escore corporal com a medida de espessura de gordura na base da cauda(EGC),teve uma maior correlação, comparada com as outras variáveis ultrassonográficas. A avaliação ultrassonográfica mostrou-se uma ferramenta confiável e prática de avaliação de condição corpórea nas raças de cavalos de esporte. / Currently, the evaluation of training and nutrition for sport horses, has been widely studied in order to achieve maximum performance of sport horses in competitions. The body composition of muscle and fat deposition, as well as in humans, is one of the best indicators of performance. The body condition score (BCS) is a subjective indicator of body condition in horses, based exclusively on fat deposition. Ultrasonography has proved to be a valuable tool in the evaluation. In order to study the relationship score with measures of body fat and muscle thickness obtained by ultrasonography in three distinct races, we used 14 Thoroughbred horses (PSI), 7 Quarter Horses (QM) and 10 Purebred Arabian horses (PSA) with a mean age of 3.5 ± 0.5 years and average weight of 471 kg. Os animals were evaluated by ultrasonography in three regions parallel to the spine, back fat thickness (EGL ), thickness of gluteal muscle (EMG) and fat thickness in tail (EGC). the measurements were performed every 30 days for 60 days. The results showed a different behavior between the races, but the correlation of scores with a measure of body fat thickness at the head of the tail (EGC), had a higher correlation, compared with the other variables Ultrasonographic evaluation proved to be a reliable and practical tool for assessing body condition of horses in sport horses.

Range cattle grazing in semi-arid regions are commonly limited by lack of nutrients from low-quality forage. Due to this, ranchers are faced with the challenge of monitoring diet quality in order to address nutrient limitations. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) of fecal samples is a method used to determine diet quality values like crude protein (CP) and digestible organic matter (DOM) in grazing animals. When combined with a nutritional balance analyzer such as the NUTBAL system, fecal NIRS can be used to monitor diet quality and project animal performance. Our research aimed to test the ability of NUTBAL to project animal performance as represented by body condition score (BCS) in cattle (n=82 Animal Units) grazing on the Santa Rita Experimental Range (SRER) in southern Arizona. Previous work conducted on other Arizona rangelands led to the hypothesis that fecal NIRS coupled with NUTBAL can be used to monitor diet quality and project BCS in a southern Arizona commercial grazing operation. Data collection occurred between June 2016 and June 2017. Standing biomass and botanical composition were measured before each grazing period, and relative utilization was measured following each grazing period. During the midpoint of grazing in each pasture, 30 body condition scores and a fecal composite of 15 samples were collected. Fecal derived diet quality varied between a maximum of 10.75% CP and 61.25% DOM in early August 2016, to a minimum value of 4.00 % CP and 58.40 % DOM in March 2017. This study confirmed the ability of fecal NIRS paired with NUTBAL to project future BCS within 0.5 a score point more than 80% of the time in cattle grazing on the SRER. With this information, cattle managers in southern Arizona can better address animal performance needs and nutrient deficiencies.

The primary objectives of the study were to compare 2 body fat (%, BF) prediction methods for stock-type horses by rump fat thickness (RFT) and D2O dilution with actual tissue fat analysis by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and to identify the relationships among BF, BCS, and physical measurements. Secondary objectives were to determine the fatty acid (FA) composition of mesenteric (MS), cardiac (CD), subcutaneous (SC), intermuscular (IM), and leaf fat (LF) and to identify relationships between of FA composition and BCS in horses. Results indicated that D2O dilution is an accurate predictor of BF, and RFT alone does not accurately predict BF. Additionally, BCS may be useful in predicting BF when used with other physical measurements. The effects of BCS and fat depot on FA composition were independent of each other. The more influential factor in FA composition of adipose tissues was fat depot as opposed to BCS.

Orientador: Jose Luiz Moraes Vasconcelos / Banca: Ciro Moraes Barros / Banca: Alexandre Vaz Pires / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do mês de parição na condição corporal (CC) no início de estação de monta e na resposta a dois protocolos de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF) em vacas primíparas de corte. No experimento I (exp. I) foi avaliado a alteração da CC pré e pós-parto em 87 novilhas Nelore e 68 u sangue Red Angus, inseminadas para parir de Setembro a Dezembro. A CC foi avaliada mensalmente no pré e pós-parto de Junho a Fevereiro. No exp. II as 155 vacas do exp. I foram sincronizadas entre 29 e 129 dias pós-parto (DPP), com o protocolo: remoção dos bezerros (RB) por 48 h antes do primeiro GnRH (100 mcg, Fertagyl®, INTERVET) e foi inserido dispositivo intravaginal de progesterona (CIDR®, Pfizer, 1,9 g). Após 6,5 dias, foi feita nova RB por 46h; o CIDR® foi removido; e foi aplicado prostaglandina 2 (PGF2 ) (25 mg, Lutalyse®, Pfizer). Entre 42 e 46h após a PGF2 as vacas receberam nova aplicação de GnRH e foram inseminadas. No exp. III, 538 primíparas de duas fazendas (60 Nelore e 123 u sangue Red Angus na fazenda 1 e 355 Nelore na fazenda 2), entre 33 e 104 DPP foram sincronizadas com o protocolo: inserção do CIDR® junto à de Benzoato de Estradiol (2,0 mg, Estrogin®, Farmavet), No dia 7 foi aplicado PGF2 (12,5 mg, Lutalyse®, Pfizer). No dia 9 foi retirado o CIDR®, foi feita RB e aplicado 0,5 mg de Cipionato de Estradiol (E.C.P.®, Pfizer). A IATF foi realizada 46 a 52 h após a retirada do CIDR®. A taxa de sincronização foi avaliada (exceto na fazenda 2 do exp. III) por dois exames de ultra-som (Aloka SSD-500, 5,0 MHz) e determinada pela presença e ausência de folículo dominante na IATF e 48 h após. O diagnóstico de gestação foi feito por ultra-som 28 dias após a IATF. A análise estatística do exp. I foi feita no PROC MIXED e dos exp. II e III no PROC LOGISTIC do SAS... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the calving date effect on body condition score (BCS) at the beginning of breeding season and on the response to a two timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocols in first-calf beef heifers. In experiment I (exp. I) was evaluated the BCS change pre and post-partum. Eighty seven Nelore heifers and 68 u blood Red Angus were inseminated to calve from September to December. The BCS were monthly measured from June to February, during the pre and post-partum of these animals. In exp. II, the cows from exp. I were TAI when they were between 29 and 129 days post-partum (DPP) with the protocol: calf removal (CR) for 48 h before the first GnRH (100 mcg, Fertagyl®, INTERVET) and an insertion of an intravaginal progesterone device (1.9 g, CIDR®, Pfizer). After 6,5 days a new CR was performed, the CIDR® was removed and was injected prostaglandin F2? (PGF2?) (25 mg, Lutalyse®, Pfizer). Between 42 and 46 h after PGF2? was injected a new GnRH and cows were TAI. In exp. III, 538 primiparous cows from two herds (60 Nelore and 123 u blood Red Angus from farm 1 and 355 Nelore from farm 2), between 33 and 104 DPP were synchronized with the protocol: day 0, insertion of a CIDR® and a injection of 2.0 mg of estradiol benzoate (Estrogin®, Farmavet), on day 7 was injected PgF2? (12.5 mg, Lutalyse®, Pfizer), in the CIDR® withdraw (Day 9) was injected estradiol cipionate (0.5 mg, E.C.P.®, Pfizer) and a CR was done, the TAI was preformed 46 to 52 hours after the device withdraw. In the TAI moment and 48 hours later a ultrasound scan (Aloka SSD-500, 5.0 MHz) was performed to determine the ovulation rate (except in the farm 2 of exp. 3). The pregnancy diagnosis was made by ultrasound 28 days after the TAI. The statistic analysis in exp. I was performed with PROC MIXED and in exp.II and III with PROC LOGISTIC from SAS... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Hélio Takachi Okuda / Banca: Sony Dimas Bicudo / Banca: Edson Guilherme Vieira / Resumo: A sincronização do estro e a interrupção temporária do aleitamento visam antecipar o restabelecimento da atividade ovariana pós-parto. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de um protocolo da sincronização do estro associado à interrupção temporária do aleitamento durante o período pós-parto em fêmeas primíparas da Raça Nelore (Bos taurus indicus). O lote (80 animais) recebeu os seguintes tratamentos: T1 - Testemunha / Controle (20 animais), T2 - Interrupção temporária do aleitamento (20 animais), T3 - Protocolo de sincronização de estro - Crestar (20 animais), T4 - Associação dos tratamentos T2 e T3 (20 animais). Os dados coletados foram: data do parto, sexo do bezerro, data do estro, avaliação reprodutiva (corpos lúteos, folículos, condição corporal, involução uterina, animais em anestro), pesos, escores, dosagem de progesterona, data de inseminação, data do implante, data da retirada do implante, resultado do diagnóstico de gestação. O peso médio, o escore corporal médio e o ganho de peso médio em T3 e T4 foram respectivamente 332,85 Kg, 340,83 Kg, , 4,5 e 4,0 e 0,10 Kg/cab/dia. A manifestação do estro em T3 e T4 foi respectivamente 21,05% e 55,55%. O Intervalo Parto - 1º Estro em T3, diferiu significativamente (Duncan p<0,05) em relação aos outros tratamentos. A taxa de gestação em T3 e T4 foi de 15,78 %. A taxa de gestação das vacas primíparas foi baixa. / Abstract: The syncronization of estrous and temporary interruption of suckling aim restablishment of the post-partum ovarian activity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the syncronization protocol associated with the temporary interruption of suckling during post-calving period in Nelore Breed primiparous females (Bos taurus indicus). The lot (80 animals) received the following treatments: Treatment 1 - Control (20 animals), Treatment 2 - Temporary Interruption of Suckling (20 animals), Treatment 3 - Syncronization Protocols - Crestar (20 animals), Treatment 4 - Association of treatment T3 and T4 (20 animals). The collected data were: calving date, calf sex, estrous date, reproductive evaluation (corpus luteum, follicles, body score condition, uterine involution, anestrous animals), progesterone dose, insemination date, implant date, implant removing date, pregnancy rate. The mean body weigth, the mean body condition score and mean weigth gain in T3 and T4 respectively were 332,85 Kg and 340,83 Kg, 4,5 and 4,0 e 0,10 Kg/cab/day. The estrous rate in T3 and T4 respectively were 21,05% and 55,55%. The calving - first estrous period in T4 was significanthy different (Duncan p<0,05) in relation to the other treatments. The pregnancy rate in T3 and T4 were 15,78%. The pregnancy rate of primiparous cows were lower. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-04-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:36:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 meneghetti_m_me_botfmvz.pdf: 184024 bytes, checksum: b833a6860023243a1fd026c9cdb4eef2 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do mês de parição na condição corporal (CC) no início de estação de monta e na resposta a dois protocolos de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF) em vacas primíparas de corte. No experimento I (exp. I) foi avaliado a alteração da CC pré e pós-parto em 87 novilhas Nelore e 68 u sangue Red Angus, inseminadas para parir de Setembro a Dezembro. A CC foi avaliada mensalmente no pré e pós-parto de Junho a Fevereiro. No exp. II as 155 vacas do exp. I foram sincronizadas entre 29 e 129 dias pós-parto (DPP), com o protocolo: remoção dos bezerros (RB) por 48 h antes do primeiro GnRH (100 mcg, Fertagyl®, INTERVET) e foi inserido dispositivo intravaginal de progesterona (CIDR®, Pfizer, 1,9 g). Após 6,5 dias, foi feita nova RB por 46h; o CIDR® foi removido; e foi aplicado prostaglandina 2 (PGF2 ) (25 mg, Lutalyse®, Pfizer). Entre 42 e 46h após a PGF2 as vacas receberam nova aplicação de GnRH e foram inseminadas. No exp. III, 538 primíparas de duas fazendas (60 Nelore e 123 u sangue Red Angus na fazenda 1 e 355 Nelore na fazenda 2), entre 33 e 104 DPP foram sincronizadas com o protocolo: inserção do CIDR® junto à de Benzoato de Estradiol (2,0 mg, Estrogin®, Farmavet), No dia 7 foi aplicado PGF2 (12,5 mg, Lutalyse®, Pfizer). No dia 9 foi retirado o CIDR®, foi feita RB e aplicado 0,5 mg de Cipionato de Estradiol (E.C.P.®, Pfizer). A IATF foi realizada 46 a 52 h após a retirada do CIDR®. A taxa de sincronização foi avaliada (exceto na fazenda 2 do exp. III) por dois exames de ultra-som (Aloka SSD-500, 5,0 MHz) e determinada pela presença e ausência de folículo dominante na IATF e 48 h após. O diagnóstico de gestação foi feito por ultra-som 28 dias após a IATF. A análise estatística do exp. I foi feita no PROC MIXED e dos exp. II e III no PROC LOGISTIC do SAS... / The aim of this study was to evaluate the calving date effect on body condition score (BCS) at the beginning of breeding season and on the response to a two timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocols in first-calf beef heifers. In experiment I (exp. I) was evaluated the BCS change pre and post-partum. Eighty seven Nelore heifers and 68 u blood Red Angus were inseminated to calve from September to December. The BCS were monthly measured from June to February, during the pre and post-partum of these animals. In exp. II, the cows from exp. I were TAI when they were between 29 and 129 days post-partum (DPP) with the protocol: calf removal (CR) for 48 h before the first GnRH (100 mcg, Fertagyl®, INTERVET) and an insertion of an intravaginal progesterone device (1.9 g, CIDR®, Pfizer). After 6,5 days a new CR was performed, the CIDR® was removed and was injected prostaglandin F2? (PGF2?) (25 mg, Lutalyse®, Pfizer). Between 42 and 46 h after PGF2? was injected a new GnRH and cows were TAI. In exp. III, 538 primiparous cows from two herds (60 Nelore and 123 u blood Red Angus from farm 1 and 355 Nelore from farm 2), between 33 and 104 DPP were synchronized with the protocol: day 0, insertion of a CIDR® and a injection of 2.0 mg of estradiol benzoate (Estrogin®, Farmavet), on day 7 was injected PgF2? (12.5 mg, Lutalyse®, Pfizer), in the CIDR® withdraw (Day 9) was injected estradiol cipionate (0.5 mg, E.C.P.®, Pfizer) and a CR was done, the TAI was preformed 46 to 52 hours after the device withdraw. In the TAI moment and 48 hours later a ultrasound scan (Aloka SSD-500, 5.0 MHz) was performed to determine the ovulation rate (except in the farm 2 of exp. 3). The pregnancy diagnosis was made by ultrasound 28 days after the TAI. The statistic analysis in exp. I was performed with PROC MIXED and in exp.II and III with PROC LOGISTIC from SAS... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)