Landscape design and architecture adhere to the similar principles of form making. These have been affiliated with nature through history, sharing dialogues of philosophy. As theoretical premise, an investigation at the relationship between form and programme in the Western world (from Antiquity to the 21st Century). The conclu¬sion was that there is a relationship between form and programme, that different periods in history have drawn varying conclusions regarding this relationship. My conclusion views the idea as the most important aim of architecture, that the relationship between form and programme influences/guides/shapes the idea through the design process. The urban framework aims to preserve, to link and enhance open space in the Pretoria Central Business District. The theoretical investigation and framework directed the need for a site that would allow me to convey my own conclusion regarding the relationship, ingrained with the idea of preserving and linking open space in the focus area of Pretoria. The Union Buildings as selected site, orientated around its natural landscape, is layered with different interventions representative of relationships between form and programme, presenting the opportunity to explore my premise. The site is dominated by biota or nature, allowing the assessment of the terrain in terms of how landscape (more specifically plants) as a programme influences architectural form. Interventions focused on the Vredehuis complex (sited on the Union Buildings grounds) function as the focus of the argument. The site is classified as a botanic garden. The programme of botany is informed by the site history; residential (1880-1914), botanic gardens (1914-1975), nursery (1915-1950), greenhouse (1918-1975) and entomology/plant pathology division (1914-2007). A further investigation of plants informs the function and programme of the design. / Mini Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Architecture / unrestricted

Niche differentiation is the most recognized species coexistence mechanism, of which, the temporal differentiation of species, i.e. phenological differentiation has gained an increasing interest of ecologists. However, as an important dimension of phenology, the phenology of growth has drawn relatively few attentions due to the lack of sufficient phenological data. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to examine potential role of temporal differentiation of plant growth patterns in plant coexistence. I first collected data on growth phenology of 381 perennial herbs in the Botanical Garden of Charles University in Prague within one growing season (in 2015). Using this database, I addressed the general patterns of growth phenology among perennial herbs. I distinguished two contrasting growth patterns: (1) species with early peak growth had high standardized growth rates in contrast to late species, reflecting the survival under forest canopy, where species are selected to grow early and fast before the development of tree canopy which restricts their size; (2) tall species showed later peak growth than short species, associating with (asymmetric) competition for light in open habitats, where the main selection factor is for tall stature, which cannot be attained early in the season. Then, by linking...

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Understanding why some introduced alien plant species become invasive whilst others fail is a fundamental question in ecology, not least because of the considerable ecological and economic damage caused by invasive plants globally. Identifying factors that drive alien plant invasions can inform efforts to predict the nsk of invasion by an introduced plant species. This would allow prevention of introduction of high risk aliens, as well as targeted management of species already introduced that pose the latest threats to the ecolocal integrity of host ecosystems. However, generalisations among the findings of comparative plant invasion studies have been limited by a lack of control of confounding variables such as propagule pressure, time since introduction and phylogeny, a lack of knowledge of introduced species that failed to establish, and inconsistent use of terminology defining the invasion process. This thesis used Amani Botanical Garden (ABG) in the East Usambara Mountains of Tanzania, as a comparative case study system to assess the relative ability of multiple factors to explain invasion success of species introduced to a tropical forest ecosystem.

Thesis--Tübingen. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 249-252).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Delaware, 2009. / Principal faculty advisor: Robert E. Lyons, Dept. of Plant & Soil Sciences. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Aberdeen University, 2009. / Title from web page (viewed on July 23, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of Communications, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-120).

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The main aim of the thesis was to create functional and practical worksheets that would be used on excursions by secondary school students to the Botanical Garden Teplice. Based on a study of secondary school textbooks, questions were created that repeated subject matter taught at the school, but also expanded it. The questions were incorporated into three types of worksheets dealing with phytogeography, outdoor exhibits and greenhouse exhibits. Guides were created for each type of worksheet to help the person accompanying students, who can be both an employee of the Botanical Garden or a teacher. The test versions of the worksheets were tried out on 131 students from four secondary schools during field trips. The results obtained by completing the worksheets were analysed to identify the shortcomings of questions. This and substantive comments by the supervisor led to an amendment of the questions that required it, resulting in the final version of the worksheets to be used for educational activities at the Botanical Garden Teplice. Keywords Worksheets, phytogeography, Botanical Garden Teplice, guide.