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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Brain white matter hyperintensities : correlates in normal ageing and relevance in Alzheimer's disease

Murray, Alison D. January 2012 (has links)
White matter hyperintensities (WMH) on brain MRI are commonly seen in normal older people. The influence of WMH on cognitive ageing is measured in the Aberdeen Birth Cohorts of 1921 and 1936. The effect of WMH and hypertension on life-long cognitive ageing is modelled from childhood to late life. The positive influence of childhood intelligence decreases with age and the negative influence of WMH increases. The negative effect of hypertension is all mediated by WMH. In a model including WMH and hippocampal volume, the negative effect of these subclinical markers of vascular and Alzheimer's diseases (AD) respectively, is balanced by the positive influence of educational attainment, which provides cognitive reserve. In a comparison of ABC samples with AD patients, there is no difference in WMH burden, but hippocampal volumes and cognitive ability are significantly lower in AD. In ABC36, deep brain lesions predict depressive symptoms, however, the main predictor is lower fluid intelligence. In a model investigating the influence of lesion location on cognitive, physical and depressive symptom outcomes, there is no direct effect on depressive symptoms. Deep brain lesions predict poorer physical and cognitive ability. Supratentorial lesions predict poorer cognitive ability. Socioeconomic circumstance in childhood (cSEC) in ABC36 is estimated from paternal occupation. The influence of cSEC on total and regional WMH is modelled, accounting for sex, childhood intelligence and education. A gradient of increasing brain hyperintensities with greater cSEC disadvantage is found, most significant for hemispheric WMH, where there is a step-change between clerical-manual paternal occupation. This effect is not removed by higher adult SEC and is greater than the effect of hypertension. Poor SEC in early life results in more WMH and such individuals probably lack the resilience to adverse effects on cognitive decline, physical frailty and depressed mood provided by higher intelligence and prolonged education.
2

Longitudinal study of white matter fractional anisotropy in childhood medulloblastoma survivors by diffusion tensor MR imaging

Ho, Nga-yee. January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (M. Med. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Also available in print.
3

Longitudinal study of white matter fractional anisotropy in childhood medulloblastoma survivors by diffusion tensor MR imaging /

Ho, Nga-yee. January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (M. Med. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005.
4

Functional MRI research on language processing in Chinese children and adults

Kwok, Sze-wei. January 2004 (has links)
Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.
5

Adaptive functioning following pediatric traumatic injury the relationship between parental stress, parenting styles, and child functional outcomes /

Micklewright, Jackie L. January 2009 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2009. / Title from file title page. Tricia Z. King, committee chair; Chris Henrich, Kathleen O'Toole, Erin Tone, Frank Floyd, committee members. Description based on contents viewed Sept. 28, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 124-136).
6

Dimensions of post-concussive symptoms in children with mild traumatic brain injury

Ayr, Lauren K., January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 58-62).
7

Brauchen wir gadoliniumhaltiges Kontrastmittel in der Hirn-MRT-Diagnostik bei Kindern?

Bühning (geb.: Dünger), Dennis 15 February 2021 (has links)
Hintergrund und Ziele: Gadolinium (Gd) wird seit 1988 als Kontrastmittel (KM) für Hirn-Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT)-Untersuchungen verwendet und gilt auch heute noch in vielen Kliniken zum Standard einer „lege artis“ durchgeführten pädiatrischen Hirnuntersuchung. Es galt lange Zeit als sehr nebenwirkungsarm, doch in den letzten Jahren wurden vermehrt Studien veröffentlicht, die von zum Teil schweren Folgen aufgrund der Gd-Applikation berichteten (Nephrotic systemic fibrosis, Gadolinium deposition disease). Ziel dieser Studie war es, den diagnostischen Zugewinn durch die generelle Gabe von Gd bei Kindern zu beurteilen, wenn initial im nativen Hirn-MRT kein pathologischer Befund zu finden war. Methodik: Für diese retrospektive Studie wurden 6.683 kraniale KM-MRT-Untersuchungen von Kindern im Alter von 0 bis 16 Jahren nochmals ausgewertet und daraufhin untersucht, ob die KM-Gabe zusätzliche relevante Informationen liefern konnte. Ergebnisse: In 8 von 3.003 (0,03 %) nativ unauffälligen Untersuchungen konnte durch KM-Gabe ein relevanter Zusatzbefund ermittelt werden. In allen 8 Fällen handelte es sich dabei um ein meningeales Enhancement. Dies entspricht einem negativen prädiktiven Wert (NPV) von 0,97. Von diesen relevanten Zusatzbefunden war das Enhancement nur bei einem Kind (0,03 %) richtungsweisend für die Diagnostik. Bei den nativ auffälligen Untersuchungen konnte in 297 von 3.680 (8,1 %) MRT´s ein relevanter Zusatzbefund gefunden werden. Schlussfolgerungen: Unsere Studie zeigte, dass eine KM-Gabe bei nativ unauffälligem Befund nur in einem Fall (0,03 %) eine richtungsweisende Diagnose mit Änderung der therapeutischen Strategie brachte. Stellt man diesem Ergebnis die Nachteile einer routinemäßigen Gd-Applikation gegenüber, ergibt sich eine zahlenmäßig begründete Evidenz, zukünftig routinemäßig auf die KM-Gabe bei nativ unauffälligen Befunden zu verzichten. In Einzelfällen kann von dieser Empfehlung abgewichen werden, wenn klinisch der Verdacht auf eine ZNS-Infektion besteht, oder wenn bei unklarer Symptomatik ein spreitender meningealer Tumor mit KM-Gabe ausgeschlossen werden soll. Bei pädiatrischen MRT-Untersuchungen des Gehirns, die schon vor KM-Gabe Auffälligkeiten zeigen, besteht weiterhin eine klare Indikation für die KM-Applikation. / Abstract Background: Brain imaging is the most common examination in pediatric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), often combined with the use of a gadolinium-based contrast medium. The application of gadolinium-based contrast medium poses some risk. There is limited evidence of the benefits of contrast medium in pediatric brain imaging. Objective: To assess the diagnostic gain of contrast-enhanced sequences in brain MRI when the unenhanced sequences are normal. Materials and methods: We retrospectively assessed 6,683 brain MR examinations using contrast medium in children younger than 16 years in the pediatric radiology department of the University Hospital Leipzig to determine whether contrast-enhanced sequences delivered additional, clinically relevant information to pre-contrast sequences. All examinations were executed using a 1.5-T or a 3-T system. Results: In 8 of 3,003 (95% confidence interval 0.12-0.52%) unenhanced normal brain examinations, a relevant additional finding was detected when contrast medium was administered. Contrast enhancement led to a change in diagnosis in only one of these cases. Conclusion: Children with a normal pre-contrast brain MRI rarely benefit from contrast medium application. Comparing these results to the risks and disadvantages of a routine gadolinium application, there is substantiated numerical evidence for avoiding routine administration of gadolinium in a pre-contrast normal MRI examination.

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