[pt] Esta pesquisa tem como finalidade avaliar a usabilidade da navegação estrutural, também conhecida como Breadcrumb Trail, nome em inglês mais difundido. Este elemento representa o caminho percorrido pelos usuários até determinada página, provendo links que possibilitam voltar a páginas anteriormente visitadas. Existem diferentes tipos de utilização dos Breadcrumbs e sua eficiência será debatida durante o trabalho. A hipótese da pesquisa afirmava que a utilização da navegação estrutural auxilia a execução das tarefas de forma mais rápida, além de localizar melhor os usuários dentro da arquitetura da informação do website. Para que esta afirmação fosse verificada, foi adotada uma metodologia de pesquisa que envolveu questionários on-line e testes de usabilidade realizados em laboratório. No entanto, de forma a desenvolver um trabalho mais completo, as primeiras etapas do trabalho contaram com conceitos para embasar a pesquisa, abordando temas relacionados à  Interação Humano- Computador e à  Usabilidade. Após este levantamento, foi feita uma pesquisa de campo para que os Breadcrumbs fossem avaliados em termos de função e apresentação visual. Para a realização dos testes de usabilidade, foram desenvolvidos simuladores a partir do site do Banco Central do Brasil. Os testes contaram com a participação de 67 usuários, selecionados por um questionário online que contou com 450 respostas. Os resultados obtidos foram suficientemente esclarecedores. Os Breadcrumbs se mostraram eficientes em determinadas situações, e ineficientes em outras. Os resultados foram então generalizados com a criação de 6 guidelines de utilização do elemento. / [en] The goal of the research is to evaluate the usability of the structural navigation, also known as Breadcrumb Trail. This tool shows the path back to the pages previously visited by users, allowing them to link back to major categories of information. There are several different types of Breadcrumbs and efficiencies will be evaluated. The hypothesis affirmed that the structural navigation helps users browse and execute tasks faster, also providing some information such as where the users are located within the site. For that hypothesis to be verified, a research methodology has been adopted involving on-line questionnaires and usability tests. However, for developing a more complete work, in order to contribute for the improvement of Internet projects in Brazil, the first chapters were dedicated to subjects related to the Human-Computer Interaction and Usability issues. After this survey, a field research has been made so that the Breadcrumbs could be evaluated in terms of function and visual presentation. For the accomplishment of the usability tests, a prototype has been developed based on the Brazilian Central Bank`s website. The tests, wich counted with 67 volunteers, had been created in the Globo.com Usability Lab. The volunteers were chosen by the use of an on-line form. The results were acceptable, even though the Breadcrumb navigation was efficient in some situations and inefficient in others. The results has been generalized by the creation of six guidelines for using the element.

Det finns olika variationer av vägledningshjälpmedel som hjälper spelaren att navigera sig i en 3D-omgivning. I denna kvalitativa studie kommer det undersökas hur spår, ljud och markeringar som vägledningshjälpmedel kan stödja en spelare i en 3D-labyrint. Genom att undersöka de tre vägledningshjälpmedlen skapades en prototyp där de tre vägledningshjälpmedlen separerades i tre olika labyrinter. Respondenterna som deltog i studien spelade igenom de tre labyrinterna med och utan vägledningshjälpmedel för att kunna undersöka hur de stödjer respondenterna under spelsessionen. Data samlades in med hjälp av stimulated recall metoden och semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Insamlad data analyserades med hjälp av Empirisk fenomenologisk psykologi (EPP) metoden. Resultatet som uppstod från analysen presenterade respondenternas individuella upplevelse samt de fyra övergripande teman som sammanställdes från data. Sammanfattningsvis indikerade resultaten att spåret var den optimalaste vägledningshjälpmedlet, däremot delade både ljud och markeringar samma egenskaper som vägledningsshjälpmedel. Dessutom bildade respondenterna spatialt minne med hjälp av unika landmärken, samt utgick respondenterna från egna vägledningsstrategier när de tre hjälpmedlen inte var tillgängliga. / There are different types of wayfinding aids that help the player navigate through a 3D environment. This qualitative study investigates how breadcrumb trails, sounds, and markers as wayfinding aids can support a player in a 3D maze. First, the researchers created a prototype to examine the three wayfinding aids and placed them into three different mazes. Then, the respondents who participated in the study played through those three mazes with and without wayfinding aids to investigate how they supported the respondents during the game session. Next, data were collected using the stimulated recall method and semi-structured interviews. Finally, the collected data were analyzed using the Empirical phenomenological psychology (EPP) method. The results that occurred from the analysis showed the respondent's individual experiences and the four overall themes that emerged from the data. In summary, the results indicated that breadcrumb trails were the most optimal wayfinding aid. However, both sound and markers shared the same characteristics as wayfinding aids. In addition, the respondents developed spatial memory with the help of unique landmarks and used other wayfinding strategies when the wayfinding aids were unavailable.