La thèse porte sur le rapport entre industrialisation du bâtiment et préfabrication dans la construction scolaire en France. Cette relation suggère de comprendre les interactions de la pensée technique et de la politique publique avec l’organisation des processus de production. La période d’étude s’étend de 1951, premier témoin d’une politique industrialiste des plans d'équipement scolaire, à 1973 année de remise en cause de ce type de construction. Durant cette période l’industrialisation du bâtiment est considérée comme la seule solution pour répondre à une construction massive, moins chère et plus rapide. Dès lors, la trajectoire technologique de la préfabrication se subdivise en deux périodes, dévoilantla séparation de la conception technique (centralisée par la DESUS) de la réalisation(représentée par les procédés constructifs). Dans la première période (1951-1962), les architectes sont les auteurs des projets, dans la deuxième (1964-1973) ce sont les procédés les manifestations visibles. Ce parcours met donc en exergue deux logiques opposées :série et volume d’une part, diversité et flexibilité, d’autre part. Le croisement de sources diverses (revues, archives, documentation technique…) révèlent le rapport des différentes acteurs : architectes (de conception et d’opération), concepteurs-éducateurs, industriels entrepreneurs,maîtres d’ouvrage ministériels et ordonnateurs secondaires (contrôle technique). Cette recherche contribue ainsi à l’histoire de la préfabrication et de ses développements. Le bâtiment scolaire représente un excellent échantillon de cette période de maturité de l’industrialisation du bâtiment, postérieure à la Seconde Guerre mondiale lorsque la préfabrication faisait ses preuves. / This thesis examines the relationship between the industrialization of building methods andthe prefabrication of school buildings in France. This relationship relies on the interactionbetween technical reason and public policies with the organization of production processes.The boundary of this study begins in 1951, witnessed by a political drive to industrializeeducational establishments, until 1973 when this type of construction was put into question.During this period the industrialization of building methods was considered as the uniquesolution to the needs for mass production, cheaper and quicker. Subsequently, thetechnology of prefabrication occurred in two distinct periods, giving rise to the separationbetween conceptual design (centralized by the DESUS) and realization (represented byconstruction methods). In the first period (1951-1962), the architects are the authors of theprojects and in the second period (1964-1973) the construction methods are clearly visible.These events accentuate two logical opponents: mass production and series on one side,diversity and flexibility on the other. The encounter of such diverse sources (reviews,archives, technical documents) reveals the relationship between each domain: architects(design and operations), educational planners, industrial entrepreneurs, ministerial offices forconstruction and survey teams (technical controls). This research contributes to history ofprefabrication and its developments. The school building represents an excellent example ofthe evolution of construction methods when prefabrication was making its mark in the wakeof the Second World War.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-16T00:11:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 Cristina Kanya Caselli1.pdf: 855506 bytes, checksum: 990d62184345188a6131a294f5637970 (MD5) Cristina Kanya Caselli2.pdf: 2580046 bytes, checksum: e0cf2104b293c9f9aa2d980e9ca5fcfc (MD5) Cristina Kanya Caselli3.pdf: 1036936 bytes, checksum: 55a0843b1442de109995243191c09926 (MD5) Cristina Kanya Caselli4.pdf: 2745343 bytes, checksum: f2221e4f22f88017c407def6c4ff357a (MD5) Cristina Kanya Caselli5.pdf: 2148961 bytes, checksum: 19c7438e68ec21ca7438d8e1b57945b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-23 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / This work s objective is to survey and analyze the minimum housing designs developed during the 20th Century in various European countries, taking as counterpoint the designs made in Japan. The projects analysis considered: the spatial solutions, the dimensioning and the technology. The 20th Century was marked by many social, cultural and political changes that had influenced also the housing s architecture. Since the woman independence, and the costumes changes stimulated by the technical evolution, there was a true revolution into the communications with consequent reflexes in the human communities. The architecture didn t remain outside this avalanche of news however it came following these changes, thus adaptting the designs to the new persons needs. This master dissertation analyses the European and Japanese designs, in order to establish parameters for comparison among the various architectural parties adopted. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo levantar e analisar projetos de habitação mínima desenvolvidos durante o século XX em diversos países europeus, usando como contraponto o Japão. Na análise dos projetos foram consideradas: as soluções espaciais, o dimensionamento e a tecnologia. O século XX foi marcado por várias mudanças sociais, culturais e políticas que influíram também na arquitetura das habitações. Desde a independência da mulher, e mudança de costumes impulsionada pela evolução técnica, houve uma verdadeira revolução nas comunicações com conseqüentes reflexos nas comunidades humanas. A arquitetura não ficou fora desta avalanche de novidades, mas veio acompanhando essas mudanças, assim adaptando os projetos às novas necessidades das pessoas. Esta dissertação de mestrado analisa projetos europeus e Japoneses, de forma a estabelecer parâmetros de comparação entre os diversos partidos arquitetônicos adotados.