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D.Com. (Economics) / Successful forecasting and a understanding of the forecast. study is to develop and propose a South African Airways which will the Working Budget. To do this the must be evaluated, extended and to satisfy the needs of the airline of this model for to project methodology where necessary The purpose forecasting enable it existing changed industry. Information on budgets in general, the definition and purpose thereof, as well as the use of the budget as a tool for management was readily available. Similarly information on forecasting and forecasting models could be found, but no pUblished research indicating a method or model for the forecasting of the Working Budget in South African Airways was available, nor was any evidence found of the use of a more sophisticated model other than forecasting a budget based on historical tendencies. In chapter one the purpose of the study is defined followed by a short description of the contents of each chapter. Chapter two underlines the importance of the managerial functions in a company. The level of management will determine the degree of the functions to be performed, whether it be planning, organising, directing, activating or controlling. Management tools are available to ease the task, and one of these tools are budgets, which could be regarded as the most important tool. Chapter three and four contain an expanded review of budgets and budgeting. Whilst the basic principle of budgeting remains applicable to all types and sizes of business, the methods and application could vary. A matter to be settled ab initio is the period that the budget parts : part one and part two the information can be should cover. Three time periods may be drawn : a yearly budget; five-year plan; or a long-term plan. The main categories of budgets are then detailed, namely the sales, purchasing and financial budgets. Chapter four continues with a description of historical data flow, and how the data flow will influence the model to be used. Finally the South African Airways budget system, which is divided into a Capital and Working Budget, is described.

M.Ing. / Sunter (1999:13) states "Unemployment is now the scourge of virtually every single nation." Sunter believes that unemployment or the creation of new jobs will be the responsibility of small businesses. If one however analyses the survival of new business ventures, failure is not the exception but the rule. According to literature 52% of all new business ventures are dissolved within the first four years of their existence and 63% within 6 years. Various publications on business incubators state that new business ventures that were incubated by business incubators demonstrated a success rate that is as high or higher than the failure rate of non-incubated new business ventures. A typical success rate of approximately 86% is quoted as the norm for these incubated ventures. The success rate can be attributed to the support provided by the incubators. The support and services provided by incubators consist typically of a range of products but the distinguishing attribute or feature is the support programme developed and tailored to meet the specific requirements of each individual organisation that joined the incubator. To ensure that jobs are created in South Africa it seems that incubators should be in a position to contribute much. The results of an evaluation of the achievements of seven of the highly visible incubators in South Africa, indicate that the flirtation with incubators resulted in very limited success. None of the seven examples were found to be very successful, but not all for the same reason. The aim of this dissertation is to identify some of the attributes that a high-technology incubator should possess to ensure success. The approach adopted was to: Define what a high-technology business incubator is. Identify the typical life-cycle of new ventures. Determine why new ventures fail. Determine the critical success factors of new ventures Determine the reasons for failure of South African high technology business ventures and incubators. Then based on the results of the above define some of the attributes a South African incubator should possess. The conclusion is that the attributes, excluding flexible lease space, shared business services and networking to the know-how network (technical) of the South African incubators are well developed. The following attributes were found lacking and should be fully developed: Education, training and information programmes; Networking to debt and equity capital and networking in general and Counselling and mentoring support. These attributes are those that will enable an incubator to develop and tailor support programmes to meet the specific requirements of individual firms. The South African environment is identified as being detrimental to the development of small new ventures and it was recommended that it should form the subject of further research.

Business leaders require the appropriate strategies and knowledge to successfully grow their companies through international expansion. Multinational enterprises (MNEs) in the West Bank in Palestine often encounter complex barriers as the executives of the firms explore business opportunities in foreign countries. The objective of this single case study was to explore, in depth, the perspectives of business leaders from a population of executives of an MNE in the West Bank. The conceptual framework used in the study was cultural intelligence. The selected multinational business leaders participated in semistructured, face-to-face interviews followed by member checking. The 2 executives of the MNE shared their experiences and knowledge concerning the internationalization processes of their company. The data analysis process followed Yin's 5-phase analysis cycle; it entailed an analysis of interview responses followed by member checking and a review of administrative documents of the MNE under study. Three themes emerged from the data analysis: international knowledge and adaption of local conditions, strategic partnerships, and diversification and specialization. The findings from the study could contribute to positive social change by encouraging executives to explore business opportunities in the West Bank, resulting in an increase in employment rate and better living standards for the residents.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (March 2, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

The concept of networking has seen a sustained growth of interest of late from academics and practicing managers. The purpose of this study is to contribute to understan ding the extent to which business owners and senior managers within Ethekwini realize the importance of networking and, further, reveal the extent of their willingness to form relationships with other business owners. In pursuit of this broad aim the research made use of a sample size of 206 respondents, who were asked, and agreed, to complete a questionnaire comprising 25 questions. The questions in the questionnaire were structured in such a way that most of the salient factors that could affect one’s willingness to form relationships with others were reflected in the responses. The targeted population represented a variety of business owners and managers of different age and race groups. Most of the questionnaires were self-administered, and due to time constraints they were also completed using the services of four field workers. The quantitative method of data analysis was used to compare and contrast responses given by the respondents. The findings may be summarized in four statements. First, most business people are not members of bodies representing businesses like theirs and yet they are willing to become members. Most business people are ignorant of the existence of bodies representing businesses like theirs. Second, while business owners and senior managers in Ethekwini have great confidence in the future of Ethekwini economy, they seem to be feeling so individually, and not as members of network groups. Third, most of the respondents except those that are members of bodies representing bodies of businesses like theirs, do not talk to competitors. This is a clear indication that contrary to past research findings, some businesses do not feel that they can benefit from sharing information with competitors. Fourth, business owners and senior managers who have low self-confidence are less likely to network. They tend to keep information to themselves, perhaps, because of low self -confidence, not out of greed. / Thesis (MBA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2009.

In recent years, industrial finance has experienced and is continuing to experience significant changes brought about by the development of venture or risk capital. Venture capital is now well-known as a means of providing good financial backup for innovative enterprises, in particular for information technology and communications technology. The technology-based venture capital enterprise, focusing on communication technology and the cellular market in China, is the primary focus of this research. / After the Open Door policy began in the late 1970s, the Chinese market has become important to all enterprises. With further acceleration in economic growth in the 1990s, China has become the world's largest single market in the cellular communications industry. Similar to other industries in China, the cellular market is not open and free but is limited to a small number of players under the politically planned economy. On one hand, the Government has opened the door to attract the latest technologies from foreign companies for the cellular market. On the other hand, the Government looks for the best way to protect and nurture the local industries with advance technologies and low equipment costs. It will be a challenge for the overseas venture capital enterprises to ride on such characteristics and to compete in such a highly competitive but politically regulated market. The purpose of this research was to shed some light upon the factors that can help overseas venture capital enterprises meet this challenge. / The first level of the research investigated the models of business strategies used by the major equipment suppliers and combined this with an exploration of the expectations of the cellular network operators. The next level was to establish a model of business strategies that would enable overseas high-tech venture capital enterprise to compete with the overseas giants and the big local manufacturers in the highly regulated, oligopoly but dynamic and politically planned cellular system market in China. This incorporated an examination of both the Resources-Based approach and the Structure-Conduct-Performance approach, and extended the Contingency approach in come up with the new model. The final stage of the research was to validate the model through a case study of an overseas high-tech venture capital enterprise which engages in cellular communication technologies and the market in China. / Thesis (PhDBusinessandManagement)--University of South Australia, 2004.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2007. / Title from title page screen, viewed on February 15, 2008. Dissertation Committee: James C. Palmer (chair), George Padavil, Patricia Klass, Margaret Erthal. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 185-199) and abstract. Also available in print.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.