The analysis developed attempts to present a preliminary exploration for the development of an economic theory of political systems. Using the tools of economic theory, it tries to discover the expected differences among political systems, as well as to identify some of the necessary conditions for the emergence of a particular kind of political system. The study is restricted to the particular cases of representative democracy and dictatorship. It is assumed that any society consists of three rational behaving groups of individuals: citizens, politicians and bureaucrats. Each is assumed to have a separate preference function, as well as different constraints for utility maximization. The question then is: how do political institutions constrain individual choices, and how does the set of political constraints vary with political systems. To answer these questions some relevant constraints are identified and their variations with political systems analyzed. The identified constraints are: (a) the political constitutions, (b) the size of the dominant coalition, (c) the probability of overthrow from power and the degrees of freedom available to the head of government for implementing policies that his supporting coalition does not desire, (d) the flows of information, (e) the market behavior of the citizens, (f) the costs of migration for the individuals, and (g) the behavior of the bureaucracy. The theory developed in this study presents a coherent picture of the overall fiscal performance of political systems. It finds out that all the relevant forces considered reinforce the inference that, other things being equal, democracies should be expected to exhibit larger public sector shares in national income than dictatorships. Second, it reaches the conclusion that dictatorial regimes will tend to be more inefficient, from a productivity point of view, than democracies. These two hypotheses are considered in the Appendix, but no attempt is made to test them formally on the basis of the empirical evidence presented therein. Rather, a preliminary survey is provided of some of the data and the consistency of the results is checked against the theory. The formal empirical testing of the theory is left to subsequent research. / Ph. D.

We have studied 2250 events with 6 charged tracks in the final state from 7.0 GeV/c π⁻p film taken at the BNL 80-inch bubble chamber. The events were fitted to the final states π⁻p → π⁻π⁻π⁻π⁺π⁺p 211 events (1) π⁻p → π⁻π⁻π⁻π⁺π⁺pπ⁰ 535 events (2) π⁻p → π⁻π⁻π⁻π⁺π⁺π⁺n 230 events (3) We find the total six-prong cross section to be 2.40 ± 0.27 mb. The partial cross sections are: 0.22 ± 0.04 mb for reaction (1), 0.58 ± 0.09 mb for reaction (2), and 0.24 ± 0.05 mb for reaction (3). Final state (1) shows significant ρ(760) and Δ⁺⁺(1238) production. In reaction (2) there is Δ⁺⁺(1238) production and a u bump at 1540 ± 20 MeV/c² with width 100 ± 40 MeV/c² in the pπ⁰ mass distribution (interpreted as N*(l520)). The π⁺π⁻π⁺π⁻ mass plot shows peaks at 1085 ± 20 MeV/c² and 1470 ± 20 MeV/c² with widths 70 ± 30 MeV/c² and 60 ± 25 MeV/c². These peaks appear less prominently in reaction (3). The transverse momentum distributions are analyzed in terms of statistical model predictions. In particular the Hagedorn statistical thermodynamical model gives temperatures of 120 MeV for pions and 150 MeV for nucleons. The influence of Bose-Einstein statistics as found by Goldhaber is observed in the angles between pion pairs. / Ph. D.

A theoretical analysis of large deflections and large strains in a circular plate with varying thickness and a circular membrane is considered. The exact tensor first approximation equilibrium equations, converted into physical equations for a rotationally symmetric thin plate are used with the Alexander constitutive relations for a rubber-like material to analyze the deflections, stress resultants and change in the thickness for a plate clamped along the outer edge and deflected by a uniform pressure applied normal to the deformed surface. The equations are quasilinearized and solved numerically with the aid of a digital computer. The thickness is allowed to vary in the radial direction but is held constant in the circumferential direction. Several variations in thickness were considered. The solutions found by using the Alexander constitutive relations were compared with the solutions using the Rivlin and Saunders constitutive relations and the Hart-Smith constitutive relations. Numerical results from the solution of a plate with uniform thickness were compared with those for a similar plate given by J. T. Oden. / Ph. D.

This dissertation involved two experiments, (1) the study of realized heritabilities of correlated traits, and (2) the study of the inheritance of sexual dimorphism or body weight. The first experiment included data from four generations of double two-way selection for body weight and breast angle at eight weeks of age. Breast angle was considered a correlated trait in the weight subpopulation and body weight a correlated trait in the angle subpopulation. There was a significant divergence between lines for both selected traits. The response to direct selection for breast angle was asymmetrical with the response in the narrow direction being greater then that in the broad direction. The response of body weight to two-way selection was symmetrical through the F₄ generation. Divergence of body weight between the lines selected for breast angle was significant in the F₁, F₃, and F₄ generations. Divergence of breast angle between the lines selected for body weight was significant in the F₂ and subsequent generations. Heritabilities of the unselected traits were obtained by the cumulative difference between lines divided by the expected secondary selection differential and by the regression of the cumulative difference between lines on expected secondary selection differential. The correlated realized heritability of breast angle was greater in the weight lines than was the correlated realized heritability for body weight in the angle lines. Examination of the components of the correlated realized heritability showed that they were the ratio of the genetic to phenotypic covariances of the two traits. The second experiment involved the investigation of sex dimorphism for body weight at eight weeks of age. The heritability estimate for sex dimorphism of this trait was .02, and the genetic correlation of it in males and females was .98. The genetic variability (.02) in sex dimorphism was evidenced by a greater response in males to selection for eight-week body weight than in females. The biological reason for this was additive sex-linkage. / Ph. D.

The effect of 8 tensides on the toxicity of diazinon were investigated by means of topical dose applications to male adult German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.). Other diazinon formulations were evaluated for comparison. These were Diazinon 4E, Diazinon 4E plus Igepal CO-630, Oiazinon 4E plus Multi-Film X-77, diazinon in OMSO, diazinon in Stoddard's Solvent, and diazinon in Stoddard's Solvent plus piperonyl butoxide. Five of the tensides formed emulsions that were similar in toxicity to diazinon in Stoddard's Solvent. These were, in order of decreasing L050 's, Bio Film, Tween 80, hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (HAB), Multi-Film X-77, and Triton X-100. All of the tenside emulsions were more effective than Oiazinon 4E. Emulsions formed with Triton X-100 and Multi-Film X-77 had L050 's significantly lower than the Oiazinon 4E formulation. The two tensides added to Oiazinon 4E seemed to decrease effectiveness. OMSO and piperonyl butoxide were the two most effective additives to diazinon. Both were synergistic with respect to diazinon in Stoddard's Solvent. The results from this investigation indicate that several of the tested formulations may prove effective in cockroach control. Additional studies of these preparations under practical conditions need to be made. / Master of Science

The phase equilibria relationships in the Li₃A1F₆-A1₂0₃ binary system, the Li₃A1F₆-Na₃AlF₆-A1₂0₃ ternary system and the LiF-A1F₃-Na₃A1F₆-Al₂0₃ quaternary system have been investigated using a combination of X-ray powder diffraction, DTA, quenching and optical microscopy techniques. The compatibility relations at 500°C for the ternary and quaternary systems, the Li₃A1F₆-A1₂0₃ binary system and the ternary liquidus surface were determined. The binary system was found to have a eutectic at 754°C and 1 mole % Al₂0₃. The liquidus surface was found to contain the following three invariant points: 1. eutectic - 66 mole % Li₃A1F₆, 29% Na₃A1F₆, 5% A1₂0₃ and 670°C 2. peritectic - 51 mole % Li₃A1F₆, 42.5% Na₃A1F₆, 65% A1₂0₃ and 683°C 3. reaction point - 65 mole % Li₃A1F₆, 33% Na₃A1F₆, 2% A1₂0₃ and 693°C. The 500°C isothermal section contains three 3-phase regions and one 2-phase region. The quaternary system contains 7 compatibility tetrahedra at 500°C. / Master of Science

For one year, beginning in April of 1974, the Kanawha County, West Virginia school system was involved in a bitter controversy over the content of the adopted language arts textbook series. The series generating the conflict tncluded over 325 individual book titles published by a cross-section of the major textbook companies in the United States. No one visualized the intensity of emotions, the violence and the disruption that would grip Kanawha County during 1974-75. Before the protest diminished, schools were temporarily closed; the superintendent and the president of the Board of Education resigned; people were shot or beat, cars firebombed and school buildings dynamited. The controversial language arts books were withdrawn from all the schools for a period of time and later returned after review by an appointed citizens' committee and action by the Board of Education. This study is a history of the Kanawha County textbook protest. A major portion of the research for this dissertation involved interviews and a search of documents. There is a description of West Virginia, Appalachian values and Kanawha County. Several factors, occurring prior to 1974 are examined as possible precipitating factors in the controversy. From April 1974 to April 1975 the major actions, reactions and occurrences in Kanawha County are reported using various sources to document positions taken by individuals, groups and organizations during this period. Organized chronologically, the study traces the evolution of the textbook protest and continues through the abatement of most protest activities by April of 1975. Five factors, mostly outside the control of the educational establishment that contributed to and sustained the conflict are analyzed. These include the state law regarding the seating of school board members, the role of organized labor, the lack of adequate law enforcement, the intervention of outside groups and the role of the media. The following conclusions and implications emerge from the Study. Students, teachers and administrators in Kanawha County were most deeply affected by the textbook controversy with general agreement that the effects of the protest will be felt for years to come. In the future, public schools, involving everyone directly or indirectly, will not escape as arenas of conflict and controversy. As a resuit of the social activism movement of the 1960's and 1970's and public concern over the performance and operation of the schools, educational systems across the country can expect increasing assaults on their legitimacy. although controversy may be inevitable, there are positive actions which may be taken by school boards and educational administrators to reduce or avoid the disruptiveness of a protest such as the one in Kanawha County. By establishing a broad base of commun ity support and involvement, educators may be able to avoid conflict rather than having to react to it. / Ed. D.

This paper analyses the role of the spatial structure of migrant networks in the location decision of migrants to the European Union at the regional level. Using a random parameters logit specification, a significant positive effect of migrant networks in neighbouring regions on migrants' location decisions is found. Although this spatial spillover effect is smaller than the effect of networks in the host regions, omitting to control for this spatial dependence results in a 40% overestimation of the effect of regional migrant networks on the location decision of newly arriving migrants.

Thesis (M. Pharm.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Thesis (M. Pharm.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.