Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:58:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Thais Moreira Hidalgo de Almeida.pdf: 3286442 bytes, checksum: 491a402cc8bf5539730d0625fcbf7b31 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-28 / Germination, conservation and physical characteristics of seeds of four cacti species that occurs on Rio de Janeiro State coastal regions, Cereus fernambucensis Lem., Coleocephalocereus fluminensis (Miq.) Backeb., Pilosocereus arrabidae (Lem.) Byles & G.D. Rowley and Pilosocereus ulei (K. Schum.) Byles & G.D. Rowley were evaluated in this study. The first experiment, mounted in a completely randomized design and factorial system, tested two substrates (agar 1% and paper) and three temperatures (20?C, 25?C and 20-30?C) using four replicates of 40 seeds. The evaluation parameters were germination percentage (normal seedlings) and germination average time (ANOVA and Tukey; P<0,05). According to the germination analysis, the best combination of temperature and substrate is 20?C in agar for C. fernambucensis, 20?C and 20-30?C in paper or agar for C. fluminensis, 25?C in agar for P. arrabidae and 20, 25 and 20-30?C in paper, as well as, 20 and 25?C in agar for P. ulei. The use of agar 1% was suitable for germination of this cacti seeds, being necessary, however, studies that lead to reduction in the incidence of plant health problems. In another experiment the effects of storage and seed water content were evaluated on the germination percentage and germination average time of these four species. To better define the salts to be used in the seed drying process for this experiment, adsorption isotherms were built using static gravimetric method, with saturated salt solutions. The isotherms of all species showed a reverse sigmoidal pattern with increase of seed water content according to the increase in relative humidity. In the conservation experiment, also arranged in completely randomized design and factorial system, three different storage conditions (control, 30 days at 10?C and 30 days at -196?C) under three levels of water content, around 5, 7 and 9% (dry basis) were tested, with four replicates of forty seeds (ANOVA and Tukey; P<0,05) at the following conditions: C. fernambucensis in agar at 20?C, C. fluminensis and P. ulei in paper at 20?C and P. arrabidae in agar at 25?C. All four species showed dehydration and sub-zero temperature tolerance. Seed viability and four species showed dehydration and sub-zero temperature tolerance. Seed viability and vigour showed no changes when stored with water content around 7%, at 10?C and cryopreserved at -196?C. Cryopreservation can be recommended for the storage of this cacti species. / As caracter?sticas f?sicas, germina??o e conserva??o de sementes de quatro esp?cies de cact?ceas ocorrentes nas ?reas litor?neas do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Cereus fernambucensis Lem., Coleocephalocereus fluminensis (Miq.) Backeb., Pilosocereus arrabidae (Lem.) Byles & G.D. Rowley e Pilosocereus ulei (K. Schum.) Byles & G.D. Rowley foram avaliadas neste estudo. O primeiro experimento, montado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado e esquema fatorial, testou dois substratos (?gar 1% e sobre papel ) e tr?s temperaturas (20?C, 25?C e 20-30?C) utilizando quatro repeti??es de 40 sementes. Os par?metros de avalia??o foram porcentagem de germina??o (pl?ntulas normais) e tempo m?dio de germina??o (ANAVA e Tukey; P<0,05). De acordo com a an?lise de germina??o, as melhores temperaturas e substratos para a germina??o de sementes de C. fernambucensis s?o 20?C e ?gar; para C. fluminensis, 20?C e 20-30?C, tanto no substrato papel como em ?gar, para P. arrabidae, 25?C em ?gar e para P. ulei em papel a 20, 25 e 20-30?C e ?gar a 20 e 25?C. O uso de ?gar 1% se mostrou adequado a germina??o das sementes destas cact?ceas, sendo necess?rios, no entanto, estudos que levem a redu??o da incid?ncia de problemas fitossanit?rios. Em outro experimento foram avaliados os efeitos de armazenamento e teor de ?gua das sementes sobre o percentual e o tempo m?dio de germina??o destas quatro esp?cies. Para melhor defini??o dos sais a serem usados na secagem das sementes para este experimento, foram constru?das isotermas de adsor??o utilizando-se o m?todo gravim?trico, est?tico, com solu??es salinas saturadas. As isotermas de todas as esp?cies revelaram um padr?o sigmoidal inverso com o acr?scimo de teor de ?gua das sementes em fun??o do aumento da umidade relativa do ar. No experimento de conserva??o, tamb?m montado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado e esquema fatorial, foram testadas tr?s diferentes condi??es de armazenamento (controle, 30 dias a 10?C e 30 dias a -196?C) sob tr?s diferentes teores de ?gua, pr?ximos a 5, 7 e 9% (base seca), utilizando quatro repeti??es de 40 sementes (ANAVA e Tukey; P<0,05) e nas seguintes condi??es: C. fernambucensis em ?gar a 20?C, C. fluminensis e P. ulei em papel a 20?C e P. arrabidae em ?gar a 25?C. As quatro esp?cies demonstraram toler?ncia a desidrata??o e a temperatura sub-zero. A viabilidade e o vigor das sementes n?o apresentaram altera??es quando armazenados com teores de ?gua pr?ximos a 7%, tanto em c?mara fria a 10?C como criopreservado a -196?C. A criopreserva??o pode ser recomendada para o armazenamento das esp?cies estudadas.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RosaneLAS_TESE.pdf: 1312520 bytes, checksum: 82a532d76af3f2c9d016ea88510460fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-01 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The Brazilian caatinga is characterized by low annual rainfall and arid soils. Several cactaceae, either native or adapted species, grow in this semi-arid region, including the prickly pear (Opuntia f?cus indica) and facheiro ((Philosocereus pachycladus Ritter) which produce underexploited edible fruits. In addition to these species, the algaroba is a leguminous with little studied technological applications and bioactive potential so far. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the physicochemical, bioactive and functional attributes of the prickly pear and facheiro fruit pulps and the algaroba flour. Specifically, this study approaches the physicochemical characterization, total phenolic compounds (TPC) and the betalain identification and quantification by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS. It is also investigated the DPPH antioxidant capacity and the antienzymatic activities against alpha-amylase and alphaglucosidase of water and ethanolic extracts of these food material. In order to address their potential to be used as food ingredients, juice blends prepared with mixtures of caj? and prickly pear, biofilms with facheiro and cereal bars with algaroba flour were elaborated and analyzed. The prickly pear fruits presented low acidity and high sugar content when compared to facheiro. The Philosocereus pachycladus Ritter fruits had higher protein and ash content, but the algaroba flour was the species with higher protein and sugar content among all. The algaroba flour also presented outstanding food fiber content, which reveals its potentiality to be used as a natural intestinal regulator. The TPC of water and ethanol extracts ranged from 3.87 to 16.21 mg GAE/100g for algaroba flour, 79.24 to 110.20 GAE/ 100g for prickly pear and 412.23 to 539.14 mg GAE/100g for facheiro. The 70% (w/v) ethanol extract reached the highest DPPH antioxidant activity, which was linearly correlated to its high TPC content. In regard to the enzymatic inhibitory activities, the best performance was observed for the prickly pear extracts which presented a moderate inhibition for both investigated enzymes, but interestingly, no alpha-glucosidase inhibition was observed for facheiro extracts. This work shows, for the first time in the literature, the functional attributes of facheiro fruits, as well as the presence of betacianins and isobetanin in the pulp of this exotic fruit. When it comes to the food products developed here, the sensory attributes that better described the juice blend caj?-prickly pear were sweetness, acidity, color yellow-orange, body, turbidity and caj? flavor. The discriminative test applied for cereal bars produced with and without algaroba revealed that the texture was the only sensory attribute that differed (p<0.05) between these two samples. It was also observed that the addition of facheiro extracts did not influence the visual characteristics of the biofilms. Overall, this work unveils the physicochemical and bioactive attributes of these commercial and technologically underexploited species widely found in the Brazilian caatinga and presents alternatives for their rational use / O semi?rido brasileiro configura-se por condi??es clim?ticas e de solo desfavor?veis e vegeta??o resistente a longos per?odos de estiagem. As esp?cies de cact?ceas nativas ou adaptadas ? regi?o, como o figo da ?ndia (Opuntia f?cus indica) e facheiro (Philosocereus pachycladus Ritter), t?m frutos comest?veis pouco conhecidas. Al?m destas esp?cies, a leguminosa algaroba ? uma mat?ria-prima com caracter?sticas ainda pouco investigadas do ponto de vista tecnol?gico e teor de subst?ncias bioativas. Desta forma, este trabalho objetivou realizar a caracteriza??o f?sico-qu?mica, bioativa e funcional da polpa das cact?ceas figo da ?ndia e facheiro e da farinha de algaroba. O estudo incluiu a determina??o do teor de compostos fen?licos, identifica??o e quantifica??o das betala?nas por HPLC-DADESI- MS, al?m da investiga??o da atividade antioxidante e inibi??o das enzimas alfa-amilase e alfa-glicosidase, utilizando extratos aquosos e etan?licos obtidos a partir das esp?cies avaliadas. Como estrat?gias de aproveitamento, elaborou-se suco misto do figo da ?ndia, biofilmes a partir do facheiro e barra de cereal a partir da farinha de algaroba. A caracteriza??o do figo da ?ndia revelou baixa acidez e elevada do?ura, quando comparada ao facheiro. O fruto do Philosocereus pachycladus Ritter, por sua vez, apresentou maior conte?do prot?ico e de cinzas. No entanto, a maior fra??o proteica e a??cares est? contida na farinha de algaroba. O conte?do de fibra alimentar total (FAT) revelou a potencialidade da farinha de Prosopis juliflora para atuar como reguladora da fun??o intestinal. O teor de fen?lico total para extratos aquosos e etan?licos variaram de 3,87 a 16,21 mg GAE/100g para a farinha de algaroba, 79,24 a 110,20 mg GAE/100g para o figo da ?ndia e facheiro 412,23 a 539,14 mg GAE/100g. O extrato etan?lico a 70% do figo da ?ndia apresentou elevada atividade antioxidante, por?m o meior percentual fen?lico foi observado no facheiro. Em rela??o ? inibi??o enzim?tica, o melhor desempenho foi observado em extratos do figo da ?ndia, os quais exibiram inibi??o moderada para as duas enzimas estudadas, enquanto que n?o foi identificada inibi??o glicol?tica para o extrato aquoso de facheiro. O presente trabalho mostra, pela primeira vez na literatura, resultados in?ditos sobre a funcionalidade do facheiro, que incluem a presen?a das betala?nas betacianina e isobetanina na polpa desse fruto. No que diz respeito aos produtos desenvolvidos, as caracter?sticas sensoriais que melhor descreveram o suco misto de figo da ?ndia e caj? foram do?ura, acidez, cor amarela-alaranjada, corpo, turbidez e aroma de caj?. A an?lise discriminativa da barrinha de cereal elaborada com e sem farinha de algaroba mostrou que apenas o atributo textura foi diferente estatisticamente (p < 0,05) para as formula??es testadas. Os resultados tamb?m indicam que a adi??o do extrato do facheiro n?o modificou visualmente as caracter?sticas dos biofilmes. De maneira geral, o presente estudo revela as caracter?sticas f?sico-qu?micas e bioativas desses vegetais abundantemente encontrados na caatinga brasileira, mas ainda pouco explorados sob pontos de vista tecnol?gico e comercial, bem como sugere alternativas de aproveitamento para tais esp?cies