Orientador: Tiago Zenker Gireli / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T08:24:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_CamilaMariaMateusAlvesde_M.pdf: 4842438 bytes, checksum: 62d1a3d25fab3452d2d61cc54a1bf0e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: As obras costeiras são de grande porte e custos associados já que são inseridas em um meio complexo que sofre alterações de diversos fatores, sejam eles naturais ou antrópicos. Projetar estes tipos de estruturas baseando-se apenas em conhecimentos teóricos não garante sua máxima otimização e minimização de custos. Para isso, utilizam-se inúmeras ferramentas, como a modelagem numérica, que permite analisar os impactos gerados pela iteração entre a obra e o meio ambiente. Nesse estudo, foi realizada uma caracterização hidrodinâmica da Baía e Estuário Santista utilizando a modelagem numérica através do software MIKE 21, onde se criou um modelo que representasse o canal do porto de Santos. Na etapa de calibração, a modificação dos coeficientes de Manning conduziu o modelo para a convergência do processo. Na etapa da validação, os valores dos estudos foram coerentes com os extraídos do protótipo, levando-se em consideração as simplificações adotadas para este estudo e o emprego de um modelo bidimensional. Por fim, pode-se concluir que a caracterização da região foi efetuada com sucesso e que o modelo desenvolvido já se configura em uma ferramenta apta a ser empregada para simular os impactos que as mudanças climáticas e a ação antrópica poderiam trazer para hidrodinâmica do Estuário Santista / Abstract: The coastal works are associated to large costs as they are inserted in a complex environment that changes on several factors, whether natural or anthropogenic. Designing these types of structures based only on theoretical knowledge does not guarantee its maximum optimization and cost minimization. For this, various tools are used, such as numerical modeling, that can be analyzed the impacts generated by the interaction between the work and environment. In this study, a hydrodynamic characterization are performed of Santos Bay and Estuary using numerical modeling software MIKE 21, which created a model that represents the channel of the Port of Santos. In the calibration step, modifying the Manning coefficients of the model led to the convergence of the process. In the validation step, the values of the studies were consistent with those extracted from the prototype, taking into account the simplifications adopted for this study and the use of a two-dimensional model. Finally, can be concluded that the characterization of the region was carried out successfully and the model developed has already been configured in a suitable tool to be used to simulate the impacts of climate change and human action could bring to Santos Estuary hydrodynamics / Mestrado / Recursos Hidricos, Energeticos e Ambientais / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

The main aim of this research is to develop an on-line tool wear condition monitoring intelligent system for single-point turning operations. This is to provide accurate and reliable information on the different states of tool wear. Calibrated acoustic emission and vibration techniques were implemented to monitor the progress of wear on carbide tool tips. Previous research has shown that acoustic emission (AE) is sensitive to tool wear. However, AE, as a monitoring technique, is still not widely adopted by industry. This is because it is as yet impossible to achieve repeatable measurements of AE. The variability is due to inconsistent coupling of the sensor with structures and the fact that the tool structure may have different geometry and material property. Calibration is therefore required so that the extent of variability becomes quantifiable, and hence accounted for or removed altogether. Proper calibration needs a well-defined and repeatable AE source. In this research, various artificial sources were reviewed in order to assess their suitability as an AE calibration source for the single-point machining process. Two artificial sources were selected for studying in detail. These are an air jet and a pulsed laser; the former produces continuous-type AE and the latter burst type AE. Since the air jet source has a power spectrum resembling closely the AE produced from single-point machining and since it is readily available in a machine shop, not to mention its relative safety compared to laser, an air-jet source is a more appealing choice. The calibration procedure involves setting up an air jet at a fixed stand-off distance from the top rake of the tool tip, applying in sequence a set of increasing pressures and measuring the corresponding AE. It was found that the root-mean-square value of the AE obtained is linearly proportional to the pressure applied. Thus, irrespective of the layout of the sensor and AE source in a tool structure, AE can be expressed in terms of the common currency of 'pressure' using the calibration curve produced for that particular layout. Tool wear stages can then be defined in terms of the 'pressure' levels. In order to improve the robustness of the monitoring system, in addition to AE, vibration information is also used. In this case, the acceleration at the tool tip in the tangential and feed directions is measured. The coherence function between these two signals is then computed. The coherence is a function of the vibration frequency and has a value ranging from 0 to 1, corresponding to no correlation and full correlation respectively between the two acceleration signals. The coherence function method is an attempt to provide a solution, which is relatively insensitive to the dynamics and the process variables except tool wear. Three features were identified to be sensitive to tool wear and they are; AErms, and the coherence function of the acceleration at natural frequency (2.5-5.5 kHz) of the tool holder and at high frequency end (18-25kHz) respectively. A belief network, based on Bayes' rule, was created providing fusion of data from AE and vibration for tool wear classification. The conditional probabilities required for the belief network to operate were established from examples. These examples were presented to the belief network as a file of cases. The file contains the three features mentioned earlier, together with cutting conditions and the tool wear states. Half of the data in this file was used for training while the other half was used for testing the network. The performance of the network gave an overall classification error rate of 1.6 % with the WD acoustic emission sensor and an error rate of 4.9 % with the R30 acoustic emission sensor.

Several sites from around the world are being used operationally and are suitable for vicarious calibration of space-borne imaging platforms. However, due to the proximity of these sites (e.g., Libya 4), a rigorous characterization of the landscape is not feasible, limiting their utility for sensor intercalibration efforts. Due to its accessibility and similarities to Libya 4, the Algodones Sand Dunes System in California, USA, was identified as a potentially attractive intercalibration site for space-borne, reflective instruments such as Landsat. In March 2015, a 4-day field campaign was conducted to develop an initial characterization of Algodones with a primary goal of assessing its intercalibration potential. Five organizations from the US and Canada collaborated to collect both active and passive airborne image data, spatial and temporal measurements of spectral bidirectional reflectance distribution function, and in-situ sand samples from several locations across the Algodones system. The collection activities conducted to support the campaign goal is summarized, including a summary of all instrumentation used, the data collected, and the experiments performed in an effort to characterize the Algodones site. (C) The Authors.

This paper describes the current ground-based calibration results of Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI), Terra and Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Suomi National Polar orbiting Partnership Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), and Sentinel-2A Multispectral Instrument (MSI), using an automated suite of instruments located at Railroad Valley, Nevada, USA. The period of this study is 2012 to 2016 for MODIS, VIIRS, and ETM+, 2013 to 2016 for OLI, and 2015 to 2016 for MSI. The current results show that all sensors agree with the Radiometric Calibration Test Site (RadCaTS) to within +/- 5% in the solar-reflective regime, except for one band on VIIRS that is within +/- 6%. In the case of ETM+ and OLI, the agreement is within +/- 3%, and, in the case of MODIS, the agreement is within +/- 3.5%. MSI agrees with RadCaTS to within +/- 4.5% in all applicable bands. (C) The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

The NOνA experiment is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment designed to measure electron neutrinos (νe) appearing in the NuMI beam, a muon neutrino (νµ) source at Fermilab. Its two detectors, Near and Far, are functionally identical active tracking calorimeters. This thesis is focused on the relative calibration of the Near Detector. The individual steps of the process, threshold, shadowing and attenuation calibration, are described. For the calibration, NOνA standardly uses cosmic muons. Alternative source, so called rock muons which are muons that originated from interactions of beam νµs with a rock surrounding the Near Detector, is introduced. The thesis guides through the development of selection criteria used to distinguish rock muon tracks from the data. Selected sample of rock muon tracks is used for the relative calibration and at each step the results are compared to the cosmic muons based calibration. The whole analysis is performed using simulated Monte Carlo data. 1

The thesis is concerned with a detailed examination of the most familiar short-rate models.Furthermore,it contains some author's own derivations of formulas for prices of interest rate derivatives and some relationships between certain discretizations of these short-rate models. These formulas are then used for calibration of ceratain chosen models to the actual market data.All the calculations are performed in R using author's own functions,which are along with the other more involved derivations placed in the appendix.

The South African interest rate market has mainly been focused on vanilla interest rate products and hence can be seen as underdeveloped in this regard when compared, for instance, to the associated equity market. Market participants subscribe this aspect to a lack of demand and sophistication of investors within the market. This is, however, expected to change given the influx of international banks into the South African market over the past couple of years. The current market methodology, for the pricing of vanilla interest rate options in the South African market, is the standard Black model with some mechanism to incorporate interest rate smiles. This mechanism is typically in the form of the SABR model. The most signi cant drawback of this approach is the fact that it models each forward rate in isolation. Hence, there is no way to incorporate the joint dynamics between different forward rates and consequently cannot be used for the pricing of exotic interest rate options. In anticipation of these new market developments, we explore the possibility of calibrating the LIBOR market model to the South African market. This dissertation follows a bottom up approach and hence considers all aspects associated with such an implementation. The work mainly focuses on the calibration to at-the-money interest rate options. A possible extension to the SABR model, while remaining within the LMM framework, is considered in the final chapter. Copyright / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Mathematics and Applied Mathematics / unrestricted

abstract: Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) based accelerometers are one of the most commonly used sensors out there. They are used in devices such as, airbags, smartphones, airplanes, and many more. Although they are very accurate, they degrade with time or get offset due to some damage. To fix this, they must be calibrated again using physical calibration technique, which is an expensive process to conduct. However, these sensors can also be calibrated infield by applying an on-chip electrical stimulus to the sensor. Electrical stimulus-based calibration could bring the cost of testing and calibration significantly down as compared to factory testing. In this thesis, simulations are presented to formulate a statistical prediction model based on an electrical stimulus. Results from two different approaches of electrical calibration have been discussed. A prediction model with a root mean square error of 1% has been presented in this work. Experiments were conducted on commercially available accelerometers to test the techniques used for simulations. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2020

RapidScat is a Ku-band radar that measures the normalized backscatter coefficient σ0 of the Earth's surface. Launched in 2015, it currently operates on the International Space Station. Nearly one year into its mission, RapidScat measurements began exhibiting strange behavior that is believed to be caused by a change in receiver gain. Changes in gain are compensated for during post-processing, but the measurements have a lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Calibration and validation of σ0 measurements from this low SNR state are performed using extended land targets with various signal strengths. Study areas include the Amazon rainforest, Congo rainforest, Argentina pampas, two regions in the Sahara desert, and a desert region in Australia. The effects of seasonal, azimuthal, incidence angle and local-time-of-day variations on σ0 are studied using data from two Ku-band sensors, QuikSCAT and RapidScat, for each study area. Calibration is performed comparing RapidScat data from all SNR states to QuikSCAT data as well as comparing RapidScat low SNR state data to the nominal (high SNR) state data. Results from both calibrations are consistent with each other. Results suggest that σ0 is unbiased by noise for the ranges of σ0 covered in this study (-7 dB to -27 dB). However, the second low SNR state vertically polarized σ0 appears to be biased lower than would be expected from year-to-year seasonal variation. The third low SNR state σ0 appears unbiased compared to the nominal RapidScat SNR σ0.

At present, there are only a few systems in the world, that allow measurement of the dimensional accuracy of hot forgings directly in the manufacturing process. This work deals with the development of the calibration method of the cameras for the developed photogrammetric system, intended for the mentioned purposes. The conditions of measurement are very specific - high temperature and large dimensions of measured semi-finished products, environment of heavy industry. Employed methods are chosen with the emphasis on reliability of the system, taking into account the demanding conditions in the industrial premises. Calibration is designed for a large field of view, utilizing coded reference points in a scene with known spatial coordinates. The result of the work is the calibration software created in the MATLAB environment.