Economic globalization and neo-liberalism have led to the restructuring of the labour market and the dismantling of the welfare state in Canada. The erosion of the Canadian welfare state and the changing labour market have had significant impacts on the lives of Canadian women, men and children. This thesis explores the gendered impacts of globalization and economic restructuring on Canadians in the labour market and the welfare state. We will demonstrate the existence of gender inequalities in the Canadian welfare state and assess the gendered effects of globalization on social citizenship rights in Canada. This thesis will review the Employment Insurance and the Canada Health and Social Transfer programs and will argue that women, in particular, have felt the adverse effects of cutbacks in these welfare state programs and that globalization has thus further intensified the inequalities between women and men. A feminist agenda of initiatives to counter the destructive effects of globalization and economic restructuring is explored.

Hate crime victimization in Canada is a criminal justice issue that has received insufficient attention. To address this lack of information, Statistics Canada included two questions concerning hate crime on the 1999 administration of the General Social Survey. The data from this survey were analyzed for this thesis. Differences between hate crime and non-hate crime respondents were examined. Subsequently, the three most frequently reported hate crime motivation categories of race/ethnicity, sex and culture were compared. The results of the analysis revealed that while differences exist between hate crime and non-hate crime respondents, the main differences appeared between respondents reporting sex-motivated hate crimes and those in the two remaining categories of race/ethnicity and culture. The main variations were in the reasons respondents cited for not reporting the incident to the police and their psychological reactions to the event. Those who perceived their victimization to be based upon their race/ethnicity or culture did not report the incident to the police because they felt it was not important enough. Respondents victimized on the basis of their sex indicated that they did not bring the incident to the attention of the police because they felt the "police do nothing". While respondents of the three motivation categories of hate crime examined in this study reported being fearful as a result of their victimization, respondents who perceived themselves as having been the victim of a sex-based hate crime were substantially less likely than those victimized as a result of their race/ethnicity or culture to report that they were not effected that much.

Background. U.S. and other studies have established an inverse association between a variety of measures of income inequality and population health. Objectives. To describe income inequality (market income and income after tax) and population health (eight measures) in Canada and the provinces between 1981 and 1996; to establish associations between these variables; and to explore whether the associations are measure dependent. Method. Ecologic, analytic, mixed-design study, based on analysis of existing data. Results. The association between the Gini coefficient (market income) and total mortality was very weak in 1981 and 1986, but very strong in 1991 and 1996. Otherwise, associations between income inequality and different health outcomes were non-existent, weak, or sporadic. Conclusions. Income inequality depends on the income concept used. Associations between income inequality and health are measure dependent. Structural changes in Canadian society may account for the emerging association between income inequality and total mortality from 1991 onwards.

Que l'art appuie ou critique la politique, il reste qu'une relation particulière existe entre l'art et la politique. En constatant cela, nous pouvons nous intéresser aux différents artistes engagés et aux causes qu'ils défendaient pour tenter d'expliquer en profondeur les liens les unissant. Au Québec, le poète-auteur-chanteur, Félix Leclerc, s'est particulièrement illustré en tant qu'artiste engagé. Ce dernier, associé à la cause indépendantiste québécoise, a écrit et chanté ce qu'il souhaitait pour son pays. Nous pouvons constater l'ampleur de son engagement et déterminer ce qui a poussé ce poète à s'allier au mouvement indépendantiste québécois en étudiant son oeuvre, en l'analysant à l'aide du modèle d'analyse des comportement collectifs de Neil Smelser, et finalement en mettant l'idéologie de ce dernier en parallèle avec celle du mouvement indépendantiste québécois.

Sport can be a medium for inculcating national passions and also as an outlet for the transmission of these. Indeed, Canadian professional football has made such claims for its game. The Canadian Football League (CFL) uses marketing slogans like "The Canadian Football League: RADICALLY CANADIAN" and "Our Balls are Bigger" in attempts to attract fans and sell CFL merchandise. The League touts itself as being the only truly Canadian professional sports league and describes its championship game, the Grey Cup, as a national unifying event. In order to answer the general question: How Canadian is the CFL, the study examines the following specific questions: what are the Canadian specificities of the game?, who controls the game?, who plays the game?, how is the game portrayed? Contrary to its rhetoric, the Canadian Football League is a misnomer. The CFL seizes upon the nationalistic passions of the fan base to further its growth while marginalizing the participation of the Canadian player. In fact, the CFL is Canadian in rules only and has, throughout its history, been subject to relentless forces of Americanisation. Using empirical quantitative data for the CFL from 1990--2000 as well as qualitative data throughout the CFL's history, the study demonstrates the diverse ways in which these forces manifest themselves.

This dissertation examines how Jewish children of Holocaust survivors (COS), growing up in the 1950s in a small city in Ontario engaged with popular culture. Set within the context of a predominantly English-speaking Christian environment, this culture frequently did not represent them. It often excluded their knowledge and lived experiences and thus forced them to be silent. Utilizing an oral history approach, nine children of survivors were interviewed about their elementary school years and growing up in the fifties. The history of postwar Canada serves as the framework for how adults remember the meanings they made of their childhood experiences and how they incorporated these stories into the personal scripts of their lives. Their memories of childhood reflect the discourses that shaped them, discourses that are situated in the language and the images of a society and within the wider historical and social structure of that society. Individuals, however, do not fit into neat categories. Positioning their stories within the larger context of postwar Canada, while also accommodating the diverse meanings they made from their historical positions required a multi-disciplinary orientation. Therefore, a historical framework anchors the narratives and serves as a backdrop for the personal childhood memories of children of survivors. Specifically, the thesis draws on four areas of literature: the literature on children of survivors; cultural studies, which helps make sense of the variety of experiences, their relational character and the discourses through which they operate; various historical literatures which establish the historical context for the remembered accounts; and anti-racist education which provides some of the tools for analysis. Through their oral testimonies, we begin to see how, as children, they entered, mediated and often transformed the representations of television and the movies to create their own subjective and social possibilities. Their "narratives of redemption" enabled them to negotiate the divides between the representations of themselves and the representations of the popular culture around them.

Successive Canadian governments have been criticised on the ground that they pursue investment policy that advances the interests of the United States of America and its transnational corporations. Recently the focus of such criticism has been the investment provisions of the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement ("FTA") and the North American Free Trade Agreement ("NAFTA"). This dissertation attempts to rationalize the investment provisions of the above mentioned agreements. While undertaking such an analysis, this dissertation reviews the origins and evolution of the debate on foreign direct investment policy of Canada. A preview on the historical perspective of this policy in this dissertation identifies the traditional concerns vis-a-vis foreign direct investments in Canada, especially in the U.S. context and contrasts these against the investment provisions of the FTA and the NAFTA. There has, over the last forty years, clearly been some changes in the foreign investment policy of Canada. What this policy was and how it has undergone a change is the subject matter of this dissertation. Why were the policies adopted by Canada aimed at curtailing foreign control and ownership of Canadian business enterprises? How does Canadian policy fair vis-a-vis those of other industrialised countries? What does liberalization of foreign investment mean for Canada in economic and legal terms? These are some of the other questions that this dissertation attempts to answer.

Abstract Not Available.

The current design storm estimation method used in Canada is based on single site frequency analysis and single site intensity-duration-frequency relationships and involves large uncertainties, especially at short-term record stations and ungauged sites. To overcome the shortcoming of the current approach, a new improved method based on regional frequency analysis and regional depth-duration-frequency equations is proposed. The L-moments are used in the three stages of regional frequency analysis, namely the delineation of homogenous regions, the identification of a regional parent distribution, and the estimation of distribution's parameters. Following a numerical analysis of short duration (5 minutes to 24 hours) rainfall extremes from 375 stations, it was found that Canada may be considered as one homogeneous region where L-skewness and L-kurtosis display no significant spatial variability. Also, based on mean annual precipitation (map), Canada may be subdivided into climatologically homogeneous sub-regions, wherein the L-coefficient of variation in virtually constant. The regional parent distribution was identified as the general extreme value (GEV), the parameters of which depend on the map and storm duration. These findings are different from the present method, where the extreme value type I (EVI) is used irrespective of storm duration. A hierarchical regional approach is proposed for fitting the identified GEV distribution, where the L-skewness, L-coefficient of variation, and mean are estimated on a regional, sub-regional, and at-site basis, respectively. Monte Carlo simulation studies indicate that the hierarchical regional GEV frequency approach is substantially more accurate than the single site frequency method. In particular, it is shown that three times as much data are required for the single site method to provide the same accuracy as the hierarchical regional approach. The depth-duration and depth-frequency ratios computed by the developed hierarchical regional GEV approach are used to assess the hypothesis that convective cells associated with short duration storms (i.e. less than 120 minutes) have common properties in different hydrologic regions. Depth-duration ratios (defined as the ratios of the t-min to the 60-min rainfall depth of the same return period) are found to be independent of return period and geographical location for any storm less than 60 minutes. However, for storms of longer durations, depth-duration ratios depend on both the return period and the geographical location indexed by the at-site map. Depth-frequency ratios (defined as the ratios of the T-yr to the 10-yr rainfall depths of the same storm duration) are also found to depend on the return period and geographical location. Hence, the assumption of geographically independent depth-frequency ratios used in previous studies is incorrect. Generalized expressions of depth-duration and depth-frequency ratios are combined to develop a set of regional depth-duration-frequency equations that are applicable in Canada. These equations are found to be more accurate than other regional equations developed in previous studies. Furthermore, a split sampling experiment has verified that the proposed equations reproduce the rainfall frequency data at long-term record stations in different hydrologic zones better than the existing single site AES equations. Finally, the proposed hierarchical regional GEV approach and depth-duration-frequency equations are combined to develop a new design storm estimation method at ungauged sites. This method is shown to be a viable alternative to the current arbitrary interpolation procedure from isoline maps.

L'enchassement de l'article 36 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1982 est le resultat d'une tradition de partage de la richesse collective dans l'etat federal canadien. Pour l'annee financiere 1993-1996, la perequation concerne plus de 8,3 milliards de dollars pour le gouvernement federal et plus de 3,7 milliards de dollars pour le gouvernement du Quebec. Des son ediction, les principaux comentaires de nature constitutionnelle qui ont ete faits relativement a l'article 36 furent les suivants: il serait vague, il ne serait pas peformatif, il ne comporterait pas de sanction, il ne serait pas justiciable et il n'aurait qu'un effet ideologique. Notre hypothese est que l'article 36 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1982, qui est de droit nouveau, est constitutionnellement normatif et justiciable. Nous allons tenter de la verifier en faisant l'analyse de la nature et de la portee de ces obligations sociales et economiques dans leue contexte ideologique et de ces obligations fiscales et financieres dans leur contexte politique. Pour ce faire, nous developperons une theorie de la norme constitutionnelle a laquelle nous confronterons de maniere pratique l'article 36. C'est l'application de cette ossalure analytique a l'article 36 qui nous permettra de nous assurer du bien-fonde de nos conclusions. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)