Objective: To characterize the effect of the Ruby Joint Stabilization System (Ruby) on the motion of the cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) deficient stifle. To compare the motion with the Ruby to that of the CrCL-intact and CrCL-deficient stifle. Study Design: Each canine pelvic limb was mounted in a loading jig under 30% body weight. Motion data was collected using an electromagnetic tracking system at stifle angles of 125o, 135o and 145o with the CrCL-intact, CrCL-deficient and the Ruby applied. Results: Total translation of the CrCL-deficient stifle following the Ruby was reduced, but remained greater than the CrCL-intact stifle at angles of 125o, 135o and 145o. Internal rotation of the Ruby groups was greater than the CrCL-intact group at 145o, but not 125o and 135o. Varus motion of the Ruby group was decreased compared to the CrCL-deficient group, but increased compared to the CrCL-intact group at angles of 125o, 135o and 145o. Conclusion: Total translation and internal rotation of the CrCL-deficient stifle following the Ruby differed from that of the CrCL-intact stifle. However, the Ruby reduced total translation and internal rotation of the tibia relative to the femur in the CrCL-deficient stifle to levels that may yield clinically acceptable results. / Master of Science / Cranial cruciate ligament disease is a common pathology of the canine stifle. Loss of this ligament results in instability of the stifle that results in pain and osteoarthritis, and can lead to damage of other intra-articular structures like the menisci. An abundant number of surgical procedures are described, with the goal of surgery being the restoration of normal stifle stability and function. A common surgical procedure for treatment is the lateral suture technique, which is an extracapsular method of stabilization. This procedure faces many complications; however, it remains a popular choice of stabilization due to its lower cost and less invasive nature. The Ruby Joint Stabilization procedure is a method of extracapsular repair that aims to restore stifle stability and circumvent several complications that plague the lateral suture. This cadaveric study sought to investigate how stifle motion of the normal canine stifle compared to that of the cranial cruciate ligament deficient stifle with the Ruby Joint Stabilization System applied. The results of this investigation demonstrated that the Ruby Joint Stabilization System adequately restored stifle motion to a level that could yield clinically acceptable results, as was demonstrated in a previously published clinical investigation of this technique.

There is an increased demand for artificial insemination and shipping canine semen in clinical practice. However, we need to process the semen samples using centrifugation and dilution with extenders to help preserve the breeding dose and semen quality. Our objective was to determine a clinically relevant range of centrifugation and concentration parameters for processing canine semen. In the first experiment, we hypothesized that higher g force and longer treatment improves sperm recovery rates yet causes greater decline in semen parameters over a 48-hour cooling period. Our study design used the raw semen evaluations which served as each dog's own control. Sperm RR (%) was calculated post-centrifugation, and sperm viability (%, Nucleocounter® SP-100™), total and progressive motility (%, subjective and computer-assisted sperm analysis), and morphology (NM%, eosin-nigrosin staining) were assessed on initial raw semen (T0), post-centrifugation (T1), and 24 (T2) and 48 hours (T3) after cooling. Sperm losses were minimal and similar for all treatment groups (median >98%, P≥0.062). Spermatozoa viability was not different between centrifugation groups at any time point (P≥0.38) but declined significantly during cooling (T1 vs. T2/T3, P≤0.001). Similarly, total and progressive motility did not differ across treatments but declined in all groups from T1 to T3 (P≤0.02). In conclusion, our study showed that centrifugation within a range of 400g-900g for 5-10 minutes is appropriate for processing canine semen. In the second phase, we compared different sperm concentrations for cooled canine semen storage and hypothesized that lower concentrations would result in better semen quality. Individual ejaculates were divided into a control aliquot (CON) extended 1:3 vol:vol with a commercial extender. The remaining sample was centrifuged and extended to 200 x106 sperm/ml (C200), then serially diluted to 100, 50, and 25 x106 sperm/ml concentrations (C100-C25). Aliquots were cooled for 24h, then centrifuged and re-extended. Parameters were assessed in raw semen (T0), post-extension (T1), after 24h of cooling (T2), and after processing at 24h (T3). Cooling resulted in significant declines in STM and NM for all groups, and in decreased PMI for CON and C25-50. After cooling (at T2), PMI was significantly lower for C25 compared to all groups and higher for CON compared to C25-100 (p≤0.038). For the motility parameters and NM, C25 performed worse than all or most of the other groups. Comparing CON at T3 with C25-200 at T2, PMI, STM and NM for CON were significantly lower than C25-200, C200, and C100-200, respectively. In conclusion, our results show that cooling canine semen for 24h at 200 x106 sperm/ml final concentration after processing or extending 1:3 vol:vol without centrifugation is preferred based on highest PMI. If volume restrictions apply, processing raw semen and extending to the desired volume with higher sperm concentrations at the collection facility is superior to centrifugation and volume adjustment after 24h of cooled storage. / Master of Science / We need to process canine semen using centrifugation and dilution for cooled shipments or cryopreservation. This is due to the increased demand for shipping canine semen for artificial insemination. Our goal was to define an acceptable range of centrifugation and concentration parameters (gravitational (g) force and time and sperm/ml) without severe negative impact on semen quality. In the first experiment, we hypothesized that higher g force (900g vs. 400g or 720g) and longer treatment (10 min. vs. 5 min.) improves sperm recovery rates yet causes greater decline in semen parameters over a 48-hour cooling period. Initial raw semen evaluations served as each dog's own control. Sperm recovery rates post-centrifugation were similar between treatment groups. Sperm viability, motility and morphology were not different between centrifugation treatment groups but declined over time. In conclusion, our range of 400-900g for 5-10 minutes centrifugation provides clinically viable semen quality after up to 48 hours of cooled storage in dogs. In the second phase, we compared different sperm concentrations for cooled canine semen storage and hypothesized that lower concentrations would result in better semen quality. Individual ejaculates were divided into a control aliquot (CON) extended 1:3 vol:vol with a commercial extender. The remaining sample was centrifuged and extended to 200 x106 sperm/ml (C200), then serially diluted to 100, 50, and 25 x106 sperm/ml concentrations (C100-C25). Aliquots were cooled for 24h, then centrifuged and re-extended. Cooling resulted in significant declines in subjective total motility and normal morphology (NM, %) for all groups, and in decreased viability for CON and C25-50. After cooling, viability of the sperm cells was significantly lower for C25 compared to all other groups, and higher for CON compared to C25-100 (P≤0.038). For motility parameters and NM, C25 performed worse than all or most of the other groups. In conclusion, our results show that cooling canine semen for 24h at 200 x106 sperm/ml final concentration after processing or extending 1:3 vol:vol without centrifugation is preferred based on highest plasma membrane integrity (PMI) or sperm cell viability. If volume restrictions apply, processing raw semen and extending to the desired volume with higher sperm concentrations at the collection facility is superior to centrifugation and volume adjustment after 24h of cooled storage.

The higher proximity among humans, domestic animals and wildlife favours disease spill-over both from wildlife to domestic animals and vice versa, which is a potential risk for the extinction of wildlife populations and could be influencing the emergence and/or re-emergence of zoonotic diseases. The domestic dog (Canis familiaris) is the most abundant and widely distributed carnivore worldwide and is known to be carrying many infectious diseases. Among these diseases, domestic dogs are known to be source of canine distemper virus (CDV), canine parvovirus (CPV) and Echinococcus granulosus to wild carnivores and human being. Populations of domestic dogs inhabiting urban areas can be the source of infection of directly transmitted pathogens, since in these areas a high density of domestic dogs can facilitate the maintenance of these infections to both domestic and wild carnivore populations. In addition, the knowledge of the diseases present in the domestic dog populations in close proximity to wildlife is essential for conservation planning and for control of both zoonotic diseases and diseases of conservation concern. This thesis explores the effect of urbanization on the epidemiology of CDV, CPV, and E granulosus in domestic dogs and wild carnivores of the Coquimbo region of Chile as for example, chilla (L. griseus) and culpeo (L. culpaeus) foxes and assess the risk factors that could be facilitate disease transmission between canid inhabiting urban and rural areas. The first of the chapters containing original data, Chapter 3, describe the demography of dogs in the study area, indicating that urban sites have a greater population and a higher density of domestic dogs, a high growth rate and therefore a high turnover of susceptible than rural areas, which can be of relevance for the differences in diseases transmission patterns between these sites. Chapter 4 describe the degree of interaction between wild and domestic carnivores and its effect on interespecific disease transmission; indicating that in the study area there are many opportunities for domestic/wild carnivores interactions, as for example livestock predation by carnivores, by approaching to peridomestic environments, facilitating in this scenario the transmission of CDV, CPV and also E. granulosus by predating on livestock contaminated with cyst echinococcosis. Chapter 5 indicate that urban areas hold domestic dog populations with higher CDV seroprevalence than rural sites and probably these areas are the source of infection to rural sites. In contrast, a more stable CPV seroprevalence was found between urban and rural areas, indicating that possibly this pathogen follow an endemic state across the study area. Chapter 6 describe the factors for E. granulosus prevalence in domestic dogs, livestock and human being, suggesting that more cases of E. granulosus in livestock and in humans are found in provinces of the Coquimbo region with higher percentage of rural population; however, and unexpectedly, more cases of E. granulosus in domestic dogs were found in urban areas, although analysis of risk factors indicated that those domestic dogs inhabiting in the borders of urban areas, were at greater risk of being infected with E. granulosus than those in the centre of these areas. The results of this study exemplify how three pathogens are found in urban areas which can be source of infection to domestic and wild carnivores in the study area.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1958. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-80).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-06-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:35:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ribeiro_mcm_me_botfmvz.pdf: 287673 bytes, checksum: dec8c154bcb68842908b9737b4e6eeb8 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A cinomose e a parvovirose canina são duas enfermidades infecto-contagiosas de grande importância para a clínica de pequenos animais onde a PCR vem sendo aplicada com ótimos resultados no diagnóstico. No entanto, para o sucesso da técnica, é necessário que o ácido nucléico esteja o mais puro possível e livre de inibidores das polimerases (Transcriptase reversa e/ou Taq DNA polimerase), desejando-se um método de extração simples e rápido. O teste de coaglutinação utilizando o Staphylococcus aureus (COA) é baseado na propriedade da proteína A de se ligar especificamente à porção Fc da imunoglobulina G de alguns mamíferos e algumas subclasses de IgG de camundongos. Assim, neste trabalho utilizou-se a coglutinação para obtenção de DNA ou RNA livres de inibidores, com capacidade de concentração de partículas virais dispersas nas amostras biológicas e de forma simples, rápida e de baixo custo. Para tanto, 10 amostras de fezes positivas para o vírus da parvovirose canina e 17 amostras de urina positivas para o vírus da cinomose foram submetidas à extração de ácidos nucléicos utilizando o COA e kits comerciais para posteriormente serem analisadas pela PCR em tempo real e PCR convencional respectivamente. As amostras de fezes foram diluídas de 1: 10 a 1: 100 000 e as amostras de urina foram utilizadas puras. A metodologia desenvolvida foi eficiente na extração dos dois tipos de amostra. O método proposto demonstrou ser confiável e de baixo custo para a preparação de DNA e RNA viral para o diagnóstico molecular. / PCR presents excellent results for the diagnosis of canine distemper and canine parvoviruses, two important infectious and contagious diseases for small animal internal medicine. However, success of technique depends on nucleic acid samples free of polymerase inhibitors (Reverse Transcriptase and / or Taq DNA polymerase). The coagglutination test using Staphylococcus aureus (COA) is based on the property of specific binding of protein A to the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G of some mammals and some of IgG subclasses of mice. This work was carried out the coagglutination procedure to obtain nucleic acid inhibitors free, with capacity for viral particle concentration dispersed in biological samples, simply, quickly and low cost. For this purpose, 10 canine parvovirus positive stool samples and 17 canine distemper virus positive urine samples were submitted to the preparation of nucleic acids using the COA and commercial kits in order to be analyzed by real-time PCR or conventional PCR respectively. Fecal specimens were diluted from 1: 10 to 1: 100 000 and urine samples were used pure. The developed methodology was efficient in extracting the two types of sample. The method proposed demonstrated to be reliable and cheap to prepare viral DNA or RNA for molecular diagnosis.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / With bombings in the United States on the rise for the first time since 2016, the detection and identification of explosives remains of pertinent interest to law enforcement agencies. This work presents two soon-to-be published research articles that focus on the detection and identification of explosives by both chemical instrumentation and canines. The first article, Quantitative Analysis of Smokeless Powder Particles in Post-Blast Debris via Gas Chromatography/Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy (GC/VUV), utilizes gas chromatography/vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy (GC/VUV) to determine the difference in chemical composition of two smokeless powders in both pre- and post-blast conditions. The compounds of interest in this study were nitroglycerin, 2,4- dinitrotoluene, diphenylamine, ethyl centralite, and di-n-butyl phthalate. Concentration changes between pre- and post-blast smokeless powder particles were determined as well as microscopic differences between pre- and post-blast debris for both smokeless powders in all devices. To our knowledge, this is the first use of GC/VUV for the quantification of explosives. The second article, An Odor-Permeable Membrane Device for the Storage of Canine Training Aids, proposes the use of an odor-permeable membrane device (OPMD) as a standardized storage method for canine training aids. It is hypothesized that the OPMD would minimize cross-contamination between training aids, and that the OPMD could be used for canine training as well as storage. The goal of this research is to use flux and evaporation rate to quantify the explosive odor that escapes from the OPMD compared to unconfined explosives. Preliminary data suggests that there is an exponential relationship between relative boiling point and evaporation rate. It has been determined that compounds with higher boiling points have lower evaporation rates than compounds that have lower boiling points. The materials studied thus far are known odor compounds produced by explosive formulations. These include nitromethane, nitroethane, 1- nitropropane, r-limonene, and toluene.

The use of computed tomography in patients with gastrointestinal disease is increasing. However, the triple-phase computed tomographic angiographic appearance of the canine small intestine and the effects that phase of contrast enhancement and plane of reconstruction have on the appearance of the small intestine have not been fully evaluated. The purposes of this study were to investigate these effects on the appearance of the small intestinal wall. The minimal and maximal small intestinal diameter, wall thickness, number of wall layers identified, and degree of mucosal enhancement were recorded. The plane of reconstruction did not have any significant effects on wall thickness, diameter, degree of mucosal enhancement, or number of wall layers identified. There was a positive association between body weight and intestinal diameter. The arterial phase demonstrated the greatest mucosal enhancement and number of wall layers identified. The transverse plane was subjectively the most useful for evaluation of the small intestines.

Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)- Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2005. xvii, 109 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm / The paucity of clinical research into the cause of canine hip dysplasia, efficacy and effects of the different treatment protocols available for the management of symptoms, as well as the differing presentations, has led to a continued variation in standardized care for this condition. The aim of this study was to contribute further information on the use of instrument manipulation as an alternative or adjunctive means of managing the symptoms of canine hip dysplasia. Both manual and instrument manipulation have effectively been used in the short-term management of human musculoskeletal pconditions, it was hypothesized that the use of instrument manipulation would benefit the canine patient. The use of human based studies was a guideline, as no previous chiropractic studies have been conducted on the canine subject.

An examination of the Companion Animal Parasite Council's (CAPC) canine heartworm data to clarify the spatial prevalence of heartworm in the United States. Factors thought to influence the spatial risk of disease, as identified in a recent CAPC workshop, are discussed.

No description available.