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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

EXERGY METRIC FOR THE ASSESMENT OF MATERIAL PROCESSING IN MANUFACTURING

Boddapati, Venkata- Sandeep 01 January 2006 (has links)
Exergy utilization calculations have been in the past repeatedly used to quantify the quality and quantity of energy used in thermal energy processes. This thesis is an attempt to derive a common language exergy utilization and compare for the first time two entirely different manufacturing processes, namely material processing by a mechanical method of straining of the material and simple heating of the same mass of the material using exergy utilization as a metric. The exergy utilization of material processing is determined by performed work and utilized heat transfer using 1) Ramberg-Osgood equation and 2) Lumped heat capacitance method. A comparison of these two methods is presented.
2

Měření teplotních profilů SMD pouzder / Temperature Profiles Measurement of SMD Packages

Strapko, Jaroslav January 2010 (has links)
Diploma thesis mainly deals with temperature management and calculation of temperature profile in oven by using SMD packages (PLCC, 1206) of different thermal capacitance on testing PCB. Above all shows theoretical consecution of temperature profile calculation in oven by using known mathematical method like the lumped capacitance method or finite difference method. Theoretical solution and measured values are compared. Diploma thesis also deals with fixation methods of thermocouples K type on assembly, comparison methods based on known and subexperiment, determines the deficiencies of methods. This thesis can perform as theoretical as well as experimental resource to prediction of temperature profiles of PCB´s with different assembly density.
3

The Influence of Electric Currents on Performance of Grease Lubricated Rolling Element Bearings / Inverkan av elektriska strömmar på prestandan hos fettsmorda rullager

Chanamolu, Bharath January 2022 (has links)
The technological advancement in electrical machinery represents the need to understand the lubricant behaviour in the electrical environment. As shaft voltages are unavoidable in electrical machinery, developing new grease formulations and studying their performance against electric loads is required. The thesis aims to design, develop, install and validate a novel test machine to study grease performance under the influence of electric currents. The system aims to supply damaging electric currents through the bearing, but that was not possible to accomplish due to miscalculations. The test machine is designed to carry out experiments using angular contact bearings. The experiments were performed with four greases, Lithium-complex and polypropylene-based, of high and low base-oil viscosity, respectively. The study compares the frictional moments and self-induced temperatures in the bearings with and without the influence of electric currents. Along with the frictional moment measurements, the lubricant film thickness was estimated using the “electrical-capacitance” method to monitor the status of the lubricant inside the bearing in real-time. The test machine is limited to speeds up to 3600 rpm, and the project lays out a foundation for research in film thickness estimation in rolling element bearings. As a part of the thesis, new slip rings were specified to facilitate the test machine to perform studies at higher speeds up to (17000rpm). / De tekniska framstegen inom elektriska maskiner representerar behovet av att förstå smörjmedlets beteende i den elektriska miljön. Eftersom axelspänningar är oundvikliga i elektriska maskiner krävs utveckling av nya fettformuleringar och studier av deras prestanda mot elektriska belastningar. Avhandlingen syftar till att designa, utveckla, installera och validera en ny testmaskin för att studera fettprestanda under påverkan av elektriska strömmar. Systemet syftar till att leverera skadliga elektriska strömmar genom lagret, men det var inte möjligt att åstadkomma på grund av felberäkningar. Testmaskinen är designad för att utföra experiment med vinkelkontaktlager. Experimenten utfördes med fyra fetter, litiumkomplex- och polypropenbaserade, med hög respektive låg basoljeviskositet. Studien jämför friktionsmomenten och självinducerade temperaturer i lagren med och utan påverkan av elektriska strömmar. Tillsammans med mätningarna av friktionsmomentet uppskattades smörjmedelsfilmtjockleken med hjälp av metoden "elektrisk kapacitans" för att övervaka statusen för smörjmedlet inuti lagret i realtid. Testmaskinen är begränsad till hastigheter upp till 3600 rpm, och projektet lägger en grund för forskning inom filmtjockleksuppskattning i rullager. Som en del av avhandlingen specificerades nya släpringar för att underlätta för testmaskinen att utföra studier vid högre hastigheter upp till (17000rpm).
4

Materiais e técnicas para nanoestruturas magnetoelétricas compósitas / Materials and techniques for composite magnetoelectric nanostructures

Mori, Thiago José de Almeida 19 December 2014 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Hybrid nanostructures which integrate two or more technologically interesting physical properties are fundamental for developing new generations of electronic devices. Exhibiting at least two coupled ferroic orders, multiferroics are an outstanding class of multifunctional materials. Compounds which present coupling between ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity are specially interesting. Although natural multiferroics are rarely found, the possibility of obtaining strain-mediated magnetoelectric coupling in composite structures, by integrating magnetostrictive and piezoelectric layers, paves the way to control electric properties by applying magnetic field or to the electric control of magnetism. Nevertheless, most scientific efforts have been on monophasic compounds or bulk composites. Considering the incorporation of magnetoelectric nanostructures in devices, expanding the scope of the magnetoelectric effect and targetting it to different kinds of applications is needed. Besides new characterization techniques, seeking new alternative materials to the lead-based piezoelectrics or oxide-based magnetostrictives is necessary. Recently, a few works using semiconductors such as ZnO and AlN, or amorphous magnetic alloys such as those based on Co, Fe and Ni, have been reported. In spite of not presenting remarkable piezoelectric and magnetostrictive effects, the features of such materials are promising for high frequency applications, for instance. Considering these issues, four independent surveys are presented. Firstly, the origin of the coupling, latest advances and current scenario of the field are reviewed. Then magnetostriction measurements in thin films are addressed by employing a direct technique based on the cantilever-capacitance method. The goals are to study magnetoelastic properties of some materials whose magnetostriction are not found very often in literature, and to check the reliability of this technique for investigating thin films. In this sense, measurements of some amorphous magnetic alloys mainly based on Co, Fe and Ni are performed. Most samples presents larger magnetoelastic response for magnetic field applied along the magnetization easy axis, as opposed to the theoretically expected. Two investigations on aluminum nitride thin films are reported. Firstly, the growth of AlN films onto several different substrates and buffer layers is studied. Films grown onto glass and polyimide show excellent structural properties for eletromechanical systems and flexible electronics applications. Samples with low residual stress on silicon substrates, suitable for incorporating in existing technologies, are obtained. Secondly, bilayers composed by AlN and ferromagnetic films are investigated. In addition to the structural and morphological properties of the AlN films which are checked, the magnetic characterization of the structures also contributes to design multilayers for exploring the magnetoelectric effect. Finally, problems involving electric fields in scanning probe microscopies are adressed. Surface images of AlN piezoelectric films are systematically acquired. Among other major observations, the possibility of getting reliable piezoresponse images of strongly polarized areas as well as of visualizing ferroelastic domains, is demonstrated. Furthermore, a new microscopy for investigating a sample s ferro and piezoelectric properties is proposed, exploring the direct piezoelectric effect. By utilizing acoustic excitation and electrical detection, the potency of this technique is illustrated with measurements on quartz and AlN surfaces. / Nanoestruturas híbridas, integrando duas ou mais propriedades físicas de grande interesse tecnológico, são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento de novas gerações de dispositivos eletrônicos. Uma classe interessante de materiais multifuncionais são os multiferróicos, que exibem pelo menos duas ordens ferróicas acopladas. Dentre eles, os que apresentam acoplamento entre ferromagnetismo e ferroeletricidade despertam interesse especial. Apesar de serem raros de ocorrer naturalmente, a possibilidade de gerar efeito magnetoelétrico em estruturas compósitas, intermediado pela deformação elástica entre camadas magnetostrictivas e piezoelétricas, abre caminho para que seja possível controlar propriedades elétricas aplicando-se campo magnético, ou propriedades magnéticas aplicando-se campo elétrico. Todavia, a maior parte das pesquisas atuais ainda envolve compostos monofásicos ou compósitos em forma massiva. Tendo em vista a incorporação de nanoestruturas magnetoelétricas em dispositivos, é fundamental ampliar a abrangência do efeito magnetoelétrico e direcioná-lo para diferentes tipos de aplicações. Para isto, além de novas técnicas de caracterização, é necessário buscar-se materiais alternativos aos tradicionais piezoelétricos baseados em chumbo e magnetostrictivos baseados em óxidos. Recentemente tem-se encontrado trabalhos pontuais onde são utilizados piezoelétricos semicondutores como ZnO e AlN, e ligas magnéticas amorfas como as baseadas em Co, Fe e Ni. Mesmo sem apresentar efeitos piezoelétrico e magnetostrictivo com magnitudes notáveis, as características destes materiais são promissoras para aplicações envolvendo altas frequências, por exemplo. Neste necessário, são apresentados quatro estudos independentes entre si. Primeiramente, é realizada uma revisão sobre a origem do acoplamento, os últimos avanços e o panorama atual das pesquisas na área. Em seguida, através de uma técnica direta baseada no método do cantiléver-capacitância, aborda-se o problema das medidas de magnetostricção em amostras na forma de filmes finos. Os objetivos são estudar as propriedades magnetoelásticas em alguns materiais que não são frequentemente abordados pela literatura, e avaliar a potencialidade da técnica para a análise de filmes finos. Para isto, são realizadas medidas principalmente em ligas ferromagnéticas amorfas baseadas em Co, Fe e Ni. Para a maioria das amostras analisadas, a resposta magnetoelástica é maior quando o campo magnético é aplicado na direção do eixo de fácil magnetização, de forma contrária à esperada teoricamente. São apresentadas duas investigações envolvendo filmes finos de nitreto de alumínio. Primeiro é estudado o crescimento de filmes de AlN sobre vários substratos e camadas semente. Filmes crescidos sobre vidro e poliimida apresentam excelentes propriedades estruturais para aplicações em sistemas eletromecânicos e eletrônica flexível. Amostras obtidas com baixos valores de tensão residual, sobre substratos de silício, são interessantes para incorporação em tecnologias existentes. Segundo, são investigadas bicamadas de AlN com filmes ferromagnéticos. Além das propriedades estruturais e morfológicas dos filmes de AlN, a análise das características magnéticas das estruturas contribui para o design de multicamadas que exploram o efeito magnetoelétrico. Finalmente, são abordados problemas em medidas de microscopias de varredura por sonda envolvendo campos elétricos. Imagens da superfície de filmes piezoelétricos de AlN foram coletadas sistematicamente. Entre outras observações importantes, demonstra-se que é possível adquirir imagens confiáveis de piezo-resposta em regiões fortemente polarizadas, e visualizar a formação de domínios ferroelásticos. Também é proposta uma nova técnica de microscopia, para investigar as propriedades ferro e piezoelétricas de uma amostra, explorando o efeito piezoelétrico direto. Utilizando excitação acústica e detecção elétrica, o potencial da nova técnica é demonstrado com imagens de superfícies cristalinas de quartzo e AlN.

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