Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1916. / Bibliography: p. 193-200.

University, Diss., 2005--Potsdam.

Th.--Sci. phys.--Bordeaux 1, 1978. N°: 570.

Increasing concerns about global warming have led to the exploration of options to abate CO2 emissions. Recent studies have identified the energy sector as the largest emitting source worldwide. Therefore, the transition towards low-carbon power systems has incorporated larger volumes of renewable generation. This situation is prompting the necessity of improving current strategies to operate power systems, as more variability is introduced in the decision making process. This thesis contributes in two aspects to manage the generation mix of future power systems. Firstly, it addresses the question of how many scenarios are enough to represent the variability of wind power. Results obtained indicate that a balance should be pursued between quality of solution and computational burden, as more scenarios does not significantly change the operational cost. Secondly, an original method to narrow down the number of scenarios is proposed. The so-called severe scenarios outperform typical reductions in the sense that fewer adjustments are required to the generation scheduling programme. Despite the growing renewable generation capacity, the operation of the electric system is likely to continue its reliance on thermal plants. Hence, the need to curb CO2 emissions in the existing thermal plants has led to the development of technologies such as carbon capture. The technical maturity of this technology is still in its early stages, since its application to thermal plants is under development. This thesis bridges the gap of current knowledge on carbon capture in three aspects. Firstly, it presents an innovative methodology to quantify the value of flexibility provided by carbon capture in the context of the British system. Secondly, the role of retrofitted generators as reserve providers is addressed. Finally, the synergy between carbon capture and wind power is assessed. The evaluation considers CO2 pricing, two strategies to manage CO2 capture rate, variability and different levels of wind integration.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:13:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 araujo_ran_me_guara.pdf: 540167 bytes, checksum: 19447329cebde1ebf3fd733fca4193d8 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Neste trabalho é feito o estudo do fenômeno da captura gravitacional temporária e do conceito de esfera de influência, considerando o papel da velocidade relativa. Este estudo foi feito através de simulações numéricas do problema circular restrito de três corpos e através do monitoramento da energia do problema de dois corpos. No caso da captura gravitacional temporária nós acompanhamos a variação de energia do problema de dois corpos (partícula-corpo secundário), de uma partícula que sofre um encontro próximo com um corpo massivo (um planeta, por exemplo). A evolução dessa energia mostra se a partícula foi capturada, ou não, para algumas condições iniciais específicas. Este procedimento resultou na obtenção de funções matemáticas que permitem o cálculo do chamado raio de captura em função da velocidade relativa. No estudo numérico da esfera de influencia, a variação da energia do problema de dois corpos no tempo também foi acompanhada, mas desta vez nós acompanhamos a energia do problema partícula-corpo central, para uma partícula que sofre um encontro próximo com o corpo secundário. A evolução desta energia mostra se a partícula foi afetada significativamente, ou não, pela influência gravitacional do corpo secundário, para condições iniciais específicas. Este procedimento resulta na obtenção de funções matemáticas que permitem o cálculo do raio da esfera de influência em função da velocidade relativa. Finalmente, a manobra de swing-by foi aplicada no estudo do caso dos asteróides Vesta e Magnya com o objetivo de explicar sua distante localização orbital em relação aos demais membros da família do asteróide Vesta. Este estudo mostrou que uma mudança na órbita do Magnya não seria proporcionada apenas pelo swing-by, e que ele deveria sofrer a ação de outros mecanismos para causar tal mudança. / This work studies the phenomenom of the temporary gravitational capture and the concept of sphere of influence, taking into account the relative velocity. It has been done through numerical simulations of the restricted three-body problem, and through the analysis of the two-body energy. In the case of the temporary gravitational capture we followed the temporal variation of the two-body energy (particle-secondary body) of a particle that suffers a close enconter with a massive body (a planet, for instance). The evolution of such energy shows if the particle was captured or not, for some specific initial conditions. This procedure results in mathematical functions to calculate the so called capture radius as a function of the relative velocity. In the numerical study of the sphere of influence, we also followed the temporal variation of the two-body energy but, at this time, we followed the energy particle-central body of a particle that suffers a close encounter with a massive body (called secondary body). The evolution of such energy shows if the particle was significantly affected by the gravitational influence of the secondary body or not, for some specific initial conditions. This procedure results in mathematical functions to calculate the sphere of influence as a function of the relative velocity. Finally, the swing-by maneuver was applied in the study of the case of the asteroids Vesta and Magnya, in order to explain its distant orbital localization relative to the localization of the others members of the Vesta’s family. This study showed that a change in the orbit of Magnya would not be proporcioned only by the swing-by, and that the asteroid Magnya should suffer the action of others mechanisms to cause it.

Depuis plusieurs années, l’étude et le contrôle de la qualité de l’air sont au cœur de toutes les préoccupations. En 2012, la DGA (Direction Générale de l’Armement) met en place le programme ASTRID (Accompagnement Spécifique des Travaux de Recherches et d’Innovation Défense) accompagnant les travaux de recherche duale civile et militaire. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans cette démarche et propose d’étudier la faisabilité du concept de détection et d’identification rapides des microorganismes présents dans un échantillon d’air par microspectroscopie Raman, avec une résolution au niveau de l’espèce. Pour cela, nous construisons un modèle chimiométrique de classification des microorganismes représentatifs de la biodiversité naturelle en acquérant, sans a priori, d’une part les spectres Raman de ces microorganismes après biocollecte et étalement sur la lame d’un microspectromètre Raman, et d’autre part les séquences génomiques codant les ARN 16S de ces mêmes microorganismes.Les travaux de recherche présentés dans cette thèse présentent donc les différentes études mises en œuvre lors du développement d’un nouveau protocole permettant l’analyse des bactéries issues d’aérosols naturels environnementaux. Nous démontrons la nécessité d’optimiser l’acquisition des spectres Raman sur les bactéries et le traitement statistique des données spectrales permettant le développement de modèles de classification présentant des taux de reconnaissance élevés. / For several years, the study and the control of the quality of the air are at the heart of all the concerns. In 2012, the DGA (Direction Générale de l’Armement) employs the ASTRID program (Accompagnement Spécifique des Travaux de Recherches et d’Innovation Défense), to accompany the dual civil and military research work. This thesis is part of this approach and proposes the feasibility study, by Raman microspectroscopy, of the concept of rapid detection and identification of microorganisms present in an air sample, with a resolution at the species level. For this, we construct a chemometric model for the classification of micro-organisms representative of the natural biodiversity. Such a model is built by acquiring, without a priori i) the Raman spectra of these microorganisms after biocollection; and ii) the genomic sequences encoding the 16S RNAs of these same microorganisms. The research presented in this thesis therefore presents the different studies carried out during the development of a new protocol allowing the analysis of bacteria from natural environmental aerosols. We demonstrate the need to optimize the acquisition of Raman spectra on bacteria and the statistical processing of spectral data that allows the development of classification models with high recognition rates.

Carbon capture and storage technologies are required in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, while continuing to utilize existing fossil-fueled power generation stations. Of the many developing post-combustion CO2 capture technologies, calcium looping appears promising due to its high thermal efficiency, technical feasibility at commercial-scale, and low sorbent cost. Calcium looping has now been performed at the larger-scale, but there is still a significant quantity of information about sorbent performance, the fate of trace pollutant emissions (specifically SO2 and HCl), dual fluidized bed operating configurations, and impact of realistic operating conditions that still needs to be determined. Based on an economic analysis of the process, three key parameters serve to have the largest potential economic impact: (1) the sorbent deactivation rate, (2) the Ca/C molar ratio, and (3) the rate of sorbent attrition. Therefore, a series of bench-scale, pilot-scale, and continuous pilot-scale testing were conducted to not only explore these parameters from an improvement standpoint, but accurately determine them under conditions expected at the commercial-scale. The presence of HCl did not have a significant impact on sorbent performance provided that steam is present during calcination, although issues with downstream corrosion could be a factor. High CO2 partial pressures during calcination, coupled with high temperatures and the presence of SO2, resulted in dramatically lower cyclic carbonation conversions and a reduced high CO2 capture efficiency regime. Continuous pilot-scale testing generated realistic, and more detrimental, values for sorbent carrying capacity, Ca/C molar ratio, sorbent make-up rates, and rate of sorbent elutriation, that can now be utilized for techno-economic evaluations and scale-up of the technology.

Bibliography: pages 56-57. / Angular distributions have been measured for the radiative proton capture reaction ¹²C(p,ϒ)¹³N at beam energies from 40 to 54 MeV. Measurements were made with the new, large anticoincidence-shielded spectrometer HA GAR at angles from 30° to 150° to the beam direction. Differential and total cross-sections have been calculated from these data, and show evidence for resonant behaviour for the transitions to the ground state, the first excited state, and the unresolved second and third excited states. The total cross-sections for these transitions peak at a proton energy of about 46 MeV which is twice the centroid energy of the Giant Dipole Resonance (GDR) based on the ground state of ¹³N.

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