本論文探討了以廣義線性混合模式(GLMM)結合時間及空間效果的時間空間模式，以將地區特性、人口特徵等變數，及時間變數納入模式中。有關時間效果可用B-Spline方法建構固定或隨機的時間趨勢平滑函數，而空間效果則是將各地區的隨機效果以條件自我相關模式(CAR)描述。實證部份則是應用GLMM模式分析台灣本島350個鄉鎮市區自民國八十八年到九十一年的肝癌就診資料，依性別、年齡層加以整理，並將年齡層分為0~19歲、20~39歲、40 ~59歲、60歲以上，分別代表少、青、壯、老等四個年齡層；再採用GLMMGibbs結合R軟體各個資料集分別配適時間空間模式，估計各地區之相對風險並繪製疾病地圖，據以找出各年估計的相對風險高的地區。

Thesis (M.C.E.)--University of Delaware, 2007. / Principal faculty advisor: Ardeshir Faghri, Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering. Includes bibliographical references.

Project Evolution, Activities and Research Summary / Presented at the IMVP Annual Sponsors Meeting, June 1995

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University / The purpose or the automotive technical publication is to simplify distinct technical principles. In reality, however, just the opposite is taking place within the automotive industry. Complexity of language, poorly organized illustrations, and misleading installation instructions are continually handed the reader. The aim of this study is to simplify and clarify the. three major typesof automotive technical publications: the parts catalog, the technical bulletin, and the promotional brochure.

Considerable effort has been put into the development of display technologies such as liquid crystal displays, vacuum fluorescent displays, CRTs and so on. In the aviation field in particular, much ergonomics effort has been expended on specific aspects of the display technology such as the contrast ratios, effects of glare, font and so on. However, very little is known about the ergonomics aspects of new display technology applications in cars. In a series of experiments reported in this thesis three electronic display designs for a car instrument panel comprising speedometer, tachometer and minor gauges were tested by potential users.

The purpose of this work was to examine vehicle fuel consumption in urban areas and provide a means by which consumption in various situations could be expressed. A review of previous work has been made, including details of the models used for overall consumption in urban areas. The models used are examined and compared with a simple model based on journey distance, journey time, and number of stops. The value of kinetic energy change as a predictive variable is also examined. An explanation of commercial vehicle consumption is provided, but there are difficulties in generalising this to include the whole vehicle fleet. Minimum estimates of consumption related to gross vehicle weight and functions of journey speed are therefore given for overall consumption and for urban conditions. The effect on fuel consumption of changing the area traffic signal control regime from TRANSYT to SCOOT is examined. The method used is to compare complete journeys of several kilometres rather than short lengths of road near each signal. Significant improvements are found for those routes which are mainly inside the control areas. Consumption at roundabouts, in queues, at simple curves and at part stops are considered in detail. The roundabout data and queueing data were collected on street, and the test track results for part stops and simple curves are compared with limited on street data. Predictive equations are given for the consumption of a 2. 2 litre car.

One of the most important source of noise and vibrations associated with vehicles is the vibration of driveline systems. Such phenomena are subjectively associated with customer complaints. In this study the torsional vibrations of driveline systems were investigated using discretised and lumped mass models of the system. In the literature, many of the problems associated with torsional vibrations and refinement in drivelines have been tackled through relatively simple, lumped mass models combinedw ith experimentalm easurements. However, some problems remain particularly where instabilities occur or complex coupling with other vehicle vibration modes exists. The review of previous work showed that although it is important to understand the dynamic behaviour of the individual driveline components; for example, engine, clutch, gearbox, etc., the whole system must be analysed together because of all the coupling which occurs. The main source of excitation for torsional vibration of the driveline system is the engine fluctuating torque. A computer program using MATLAB subroutines was developed to obtain this fluctuation torque for different engine parameters for subsequent use in the modelling. A substructure approach, using stiffness coupling technique with combined use of residual flexibility and modal synthesis, was used to analyse free and forced vibrations of the system, as a linear system. A computer program using MATLAB subroutines was designed to facilitate application of this technique. Good agreement between results for the overall system model and substructure model was found even for a few considered modes. This substructure technique offers significant computational advantages over other methods. The effect of non-linear sources in the driveline system such as backlash, non-linear spring stifffiess, Hooke's joint and angularity of the propeller shaft on the system torsional vibrations was investigated. The effect of backlash in the driveline system was significant and, as expected, vibration levels increased as backlash increased. Hooke's joints caused an additional complex source of excitation but their significance is dictated by the details of the particular driveline design. The modelling showed that instabilities commonly referred to a shunt or shuffle could occur during clutch engagement. The stick slip frictional properties of the clutch were crucial in this behaviour and the relative importance of various design features was quantified. A mathematical model including torsional motion of the driveline system and other vehicle body motions was developed to analyse the ways in which the driveline couples with other dynamic components. Two running conditions were considered; steady state running and transient during clutch engagement. It was shown that the complete system was capable of self-excited oscillations under certain conditions during normal running as well as the instability which could occur during clutch engagement. This comprehensive model represents an important contribution of the work in this area of research in two ways. First, it clarifies understanding of the dynamic coupling between the rotational and translational components of the whole vehicle system. Second, it provides design information to tackle instability problems and to lead to reductions in overall vibration levels.

This thesis deals with the interior architecture of the vehicle for an aerial transport systems as a method of transport. The hypothesis argues that social barriers can be challenged through the physical formation of the systems,its structure,assembly and adaptability to seasonal site. The platform used to explore this premise is the Sani Pass in the Southern Drakensberg.There is a stigmatization around cable car systems within the raw,primal,vast and overwhelming South African landscape. It is a silent debate lingering within every mind at the mere mentioning of an aerial ble car system. / Dissertation (MInt(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Architecture / unrestricted

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