No description available.

Increasing introductions of non-native terrestrial slugs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) are a concern to North American regulatory agencies as these generalists impact the yield and reduce the aesthetic value of crop plants. Understanding how the increase in diversification in North American cropping systems affects non-native gastropods and finding effective biological control options are imperative for pest management; however, little research has been done in this area. This study tested the hypothesis that dietary diversification affects the biological control capacity of a generalist predator and allows the slug pest Deroceras reticulatum (Müller) (Stylommatophora: Agriolimacidae) to more effectively fulfill its nutritional requirements. Results showed no significant correlations between dietary diversification and slug development; however, this was likely due to the addition of romaine lettuce to all treatments. The study also showed that dietary diversification had no significant effect on D. reticulatum egg production, with self-fertilizing slugs consistently having significantly higher egg production than outcrossing slugs. Most significantly, this research demonstrated reductions in plant damage by D. reticulatum in treatments containing the North American carabid beetle Scarites quadriceps Chaudoir (Coleoptera: Carabidae) with the presence of alternative prey having no effect, supporting its use in biological control efforts in spite of its generalist feeding habits.

Intercropping systems offer potential benefits relative to monocultures of increased crop yields and improved pest control through physical, chemical, or behavioural interference and the enhancement of natural enemy populations, prompting increased predation and parasitism. Intercrops of canola (Brassica napus L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in various proportions were investigated at three sites in Alberta, Canada, in 2005 and 2006, to determine effects on 1) agronomic parameters, including crop grain and biomass yields, crop quality (canola oil and canola and wheat protein), lodging, soil microbial communities, and wheat leaf diseases; 2) pest insects, including flea beetle (Phyllotreta spp.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) damage to seedling canola and root maggot (Delia spp.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) adult collection numbers, egg populations, and canola taproot damage; and 3) beneficial insects, including ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and the predator-parasitoid Aleochara bilineata Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Crop yields were similar in intercrops and monocultures, and benefits of intercropping were observed in enhanced crop quality characteristics in some site-years. Neither soil microorganisms nor wheat leaf diseases generally responded to intercropping regimes. Intercropping did not reduce flea beetle damage to canola seedlings. Flea beetle damage was greatest at the first true-leaf stage of canola development. Although a thiamethoxam seed treatment reduced flea beetle herbivory, untreated plots generally did not sustain greater than 20% damage, suggesting that seed treatments were usually unnecessary. Adult Delia did not respond to intercropping canola with wheat, but egg populations were lower in intercrops on a land area basis. Canola taproot damage was as much as 13% reduced in intercrops compared to monocultures. Carabid beetles appeared to respond to qualities of the intercrops and monocultures, such as ground cover, rather than to the level of vegetational diversity itself, but carabid diversity was enhanced in diverse intercrops compared to canola monocultures in one site-year. Aleochara bilineata adult populations and parasitism rates were favoured in canola monocultures, but a temporal shift in A. bilineata adult collection numbers suggests reduced preference for canola monocultures in early summer. Benefits of canola-wheat intercrops identified in this study do not appear sufficient to recommend these cropping systems for widespread adoption in western Canada. / Plant Science

We focused on the study of epigeic beatles living in a lime pit Černý Důl. This locality is situated in the buffer-zone of Natural park of Krkonoše - 7 km far from Vrchlabí. We used e method of falling traps. We chosed non-toxical solution of NaCl as a preservative medium because of the lokality characteristics. The traps were put on a upper part of the pit. We put traps on the three of five chosen localities. 50 traps could be found on each of these three localities. We caught 2024 individuals of the order Coleoptera. These families were most abundant: (1825 pc), Silphidae (158 pc) and Staphylinidae (24 pc). 726 individuals were caught on the locality number 0, 813 on the locality number 1, and 485 on the locality number 2. The most abundant species were: Pterostichus melanarius (529 pc), Abax parallelepipedus (455 pc) and Abax ovalis (339 pc). We found 11 eurotype species, 17 antropogenic species, and 1 relict species (Cychrus attenuatus). We computed an index of antropogenic influence (ISD) on the Carabidae species. The ISD value was 34.74, which means that beatles are influenced. Platydracus stercorarius (6 pc) was the most abundant species of family Staphylinidae and Nicrophorus vespilloides (100 pc) was the most abundant species of the family Silphidae.

Angl. resumé

No description available.

Submitted by EZEQUIAS CORREIA (ezequiaslca@gmail.com) on 2017-08-08T17:31:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese _Ezequias_Teófilo_Correia.pdf: 3210175 bytes, checksum: 872ea328869cb654d0fccdfa2518b7a9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-08-09T12:44:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 correia_et_dr_jabo.pdf: 3210175 bytes, checksum: 872ea328869cb654d0fccdfa2518b7a9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-09T12:44:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 correia_et_dr_jabo.pdf: 3210175 bytes, checksum: 872ea328869cb654d0fccdfa2518b7a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A redução da biodiversidade nos agroecossistemas afeta populações de insetos predadores devido à limitação de recursos para o seu desenvolvimento. O controle biológico conservativo diversifica o agroecossistema e aumenta à presença de inimigos naturais, incrementando o controle de pragas. As plantas herbáceas além de aumentar a biodiversidade do hábitat, exercem influência na composição das comunidades de insetos no campo incrementando o controle biológico conservativo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a diversidade, distribuição e sazonalidade de besouros associados ao solo em plantio de soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) com faixas de plantas herbáceas nas bordas. O estudo ocorreu entre novembro de 2014 e setembro de 2016 em Jaboticabal-SP. As amostragens foram realizadas com armadilhas tipo alçapão, em dois hectares de área cultivada. Foram analisados os índices de diversidade, abundância, distribuição espacial e sazonalidade de besouros associados ao solo. Resultados evidenciaram maior ocorrência de besouros carabídeos nas faixas de plantas herbáceas. Scarabaeidae e Staphylinidae, por sua vez, não obtiveram crescimento populacional nas áreas de maior diversidade vegetal. A distribuição de espécies de Carabidae e Scarabaeidae foi apresentada de forma agregada sendo que a ocorrência dos insetos dessa família foi influenciada principalmente pela temperatura e umidade relativa. / The reduction of plant diversity in agroecosystems can affect predator insect populations due to the restriction of shelter and food resources. Studies about the role of herbaceous plants have shown the increase of biodiversity and the influence of composition and distribution on predator insects communities in the field. These dates may assist in the elaboration of the conservative biological control management programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diversity and abundance of ground beetles in the agroecosystem with soybean crop (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) and evaluate the dispersion of these insects in the habitat. The study was performed between 2014 November and 2016 September in Jaboticabal- SP. The essay was made in the field with 2 ha of soybean crop and herbaceous plant in two edges and the sample was performed with pitfall traps. The dates were analyzed and the diversity, abundance, seasonality indexes and spatial distribution of insects were calculated. The results pointed out that herbaceous plants affect positively the carabid beetle occurrence, but not affect Scarabaeidae and Staphylinidae. The distribution of insects was aggregate in the agroecosystem and the meteorological factors affect the occurrence of Carabidae and Staphylinidae beetles.

The species representation of the epigeic invertebrates was found on the grounds of Miroslav. I compared oilseed rape, wheat and maize. The invertebrate capture was done using the method of soil traps. In each crop, I set up 5 ground traps on 28. 4. 2018. I pick up samples from the soil traps at ten-day intervals. The last collection was made on the day of the harvest of the crop (oilseed rape 20. 6. 2018, wheat 9. 7. 2018, maize 5. 8. 2018). I focused on the family of ground beetles (Carabidae). I totally caught 488 individuals from 25 species. In the oilseed rape I caught 231 individuals of 19 species, 102 individuals of 17 species in wheat and 155 individuals of 16 species in maize. I have divided species in the bioindicator groups: E 48%, A 52%. I used ecology characteristics to compare field crops: presence, absence, dominance, Simpsons index, constance, species diverzity, equitability and faunistic similarity.

Este trabalho trata da revisão taxonômica das espécies de Morion do Continente Americano (M. arida, M. boliviensis, M. brasiliensis, M. cordata, M. costigera, M. cycloma, M. lafertii, M. monilicornis e M. simplex), sendo que apenas uma não ocorre na região Neotropical (M. monilicornis). Foi realizado um estudo morfológico detalhado de todas as espécies, visando encontrar novos caracteres diagnósticos para testar a hipótese taxonômica vigente e para facilitar a identificação das espécies. Não foram identificadas espécies novas e as nove spécies mostraram-se válidas. A análise de novas estruturas, além de revelar características antes não estudadas (como braquipteria em M. brasiliensis) deu mais robustez à hipótese existente. Também foram confeccionados mapas de distribuição geográfica de todas as espécies, o que revelou que algumas apresentam distribuição bastante restrita (principalmente as espécies braquípteras), enquanto outras têm uma distribuição bastante ampla. Uma chave dicotômica para a identificação das espécies foi preparada, visando facilitar a identificação das mesmas. / This study is a taxonomic revision of the New World Morion, which has nine valid species (M. arida, M. boliviensis, M. brasiliensis, M. cordata, M. costigera, M. ycloma, M. lafertii, M. monilicornis and M. simplex), of which, only one of them is not recorded in the Neotropical region (M. monilicornis). A detailed morphological study was done aiming for finding out new diagnostic characteristics in order to test the current taxonomic hypothesis and to make specific identification easier. These nine species were analyzed and remained valid; no new one was found. The analysis of new structures made it possible to find some characters never studied before (e.g., M. brasiliensis brachyptery) and strengthened the previous hypothesis. The maps representing the geographic distribution of all species revealed that some of them have a limited area of occurrence (mainly the flightless species), although others are widespread. A dichotomic identification key was also done to facilitate species identification.

Biodiversity of epigeic beetles in urban and suburban areas was studied in the area of Český Krumlov (a UNESCO World Heritage Site). Study confirmed the influence of urban-suburban gradient on the epigeic beetles. Every level of that gradient was characterized by indicator species.