L'apport de contraintes chronologiques absolues sur les différents évènements et processus qui ont modelé la Terre constitue un des défis majeurs dans de nombreux domaines des sciences de la terre et de l'environnement. C'est en particulier le cas pour les bassins sédimentaires qui jouent un rôle économique majeur en étant sources d'importantes ressources naturelles, en particulier en hydrocarbures. L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer la datation absolue des minéraux secondaires carbonatés par la méthode U-Pb. Ces minéraux, quasi ubiquistes dans les réservoirs, témoignent des processus diagénétiques, tectoniques et des circulations fluides qui ont affecté ces systèmes. Au cours de cette thèse, plusieurs développements méthodologiques ont été mis en œuvre avec pour objectifs de repousser les limites de la méthode U-Pb. Des techniques d’analyses innovantes, comme le couplage ablation laser/SF-ICP-MS ou la sonde ionique, ont été testées et ont permis d’accroître de plusieurs ordres de grandeur la résolution spatiale des analyses U-Pb. Ces méthodes, couplées à la méthode plus classique de dilution isotopique ont été appliquées avec succès dans différents contextes d’exploration pétrolière permettant notamment d’apporter des contraintes temporelles sur des éléments clés du système pétrolier, comme le timing de la création/préservation du réservoir ou encore de la migration des hydrocarbures. Les différents résultats obtenus ont permis de dresser une synthèse des contextes les plus favorables à l’application de la méthode U-Pb, et de donner ainsi une vision d’ensemble du potentiel de la datation U-Pb sur carbonates secondaires appliquée aux réservoirs pétroliers. / Absolute chronological constraints on the different events and processes that have shaped the Earth constitute a major challenge in numerous realms in Earth and Environmental sciences. In particular this is the case for sedimentary basins that play a major economic role as being source of important hydrocarbon resources. The objective of this thesis is to develop absolute uranium-lead dating methodology on secondary carbonate minerals. This ubiquitous mineral phase in petroleum reservoirs testifies their complex geodynamic and diagenetic histories. In this study, several developments were implemented in order to circumvent the limits of U-Pb methodology. Innovative analysis techniques such as laser ablation coupled with SF-ICP-MS or ion probe were tested to increase the spatial resolution of the U-Pb analysis by several orders of magnitude. These methodologies coupled to the more traditional isotope dilution was successfully applied in different oil exploration context allowing to bring absolute constraints on key diagenetic events such as creation/preservation of reservoir properties or hydrocarbon migration. The results obtained during this study allowed to draw a synthetic model of the most favorable contexts for U-Pb method and gives an overview of the U-Pb dating potential to secondary carbonates applied to petroleum reservoirs.

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The Giles Creek and upper Chandler formations crop out in the northeastern Amadeus Basin from the north flank of Ross River syncline south to the Pillar Range, and from the nose of Ooraminna anticline east to the Simpson Desert. 'Twenty-four sections of the Giles Creek and nineteen sections of the upper Chandler were measured by the author in this area. The Giles Creek lies disconformably above the upper Chandler Formation and conformably below the Shannon Formation. The upper Chandler is conformably underlain by the lower Chandler throughout the area except at Ross River Gorge and Wallaby No. 1 well. There the upper Chandler overlies the Todd River Dolomite. The Giles Creek and upper Chandler consist of interbedded carbonates, terrigenous-rich carbonates, and mudrocks. Terrigenous-rich carbonates and mudrocks comprise over half of the volume of the Giles Creek at most locations in the area. Lime mudstones and cryptalgalaminated boundstones with dorral stromatolites are common in the Giles Creek. The Phillipson and Northern Facies of the Giles Creek are locally fossiliferous at the base. Ooids are present at the top of the Southern and Phillipson Facies of the Giles Creek at most locations. Anhydrite is present in the carbonates and mudrocks of the Giles Creek at Dingo No. 1 and Wallaby No. 1 wells. Gypsum is present in dolostones of the Giles Creek at Wallaby No. 1 well. Oncolite grainstones and boundstones, crystalgalaminated boundstones, and birdseye-rich lime mudstones are common in the upper Chandler. The mudrocks of the Giles Creek and upper Chandler are composed of quartz, K-feldspar, illite, muscovite, biotite, kaolinite, smectite, plagioclase, and anhydrite, with minor amounts of limonite, hematite, vermiculite, chlorite, and zircon. Calcite and dolamite cement the mudrocks. Acid-insoluble residues of the carbonates are comprised of the above noncarbonate minerals, organic matter, pyrophyllite, and witherite. The size and amount of terrigenous material in the Giles Creek increases to the west-southwest, which indicates that the terrigenous sediments were derived from a source area in that direction. Sediments of the Giles Creek and upper Chandler were dolomitized by seepage-reflux of a hypersaline brine. Lateral and vertical variations in the amount of dolanite are inversely related to the amount of terrigenous material, and indicate that permeability of the sediments was a controlling factor in the distribution of dolomite in the Giles Creek. Sediments of the Giles Creek and upper Chandler accumulated on shoals, in shoal-margin lagoons, on tidal flats, and in intracoastal lagoons. Shallow, open-shelf deposits are also present at the base of the Giles Creek at Ross River Gorge. Cyclicity in the sediments of the Giles Creek was caused by lateral shifts in the position of the tidal flats and intracoastal lagoons during continual subsidence of the basin. Both the Giles Creek and upper Chandler -were deposited during major regressions of the sea. Lateral relations of lithofacies in the Giles Creek indicate that the area was bounded by deeper water to the north and south during the Middle Cambrian. Differential subsidence of the basin resulted in deposition of greater thicknesses of Giles Creek sediments in the Phillipson Pound and Ross River-Fergusson syncline areas. Differential subsidence in the Phillipson Pound area was partially offset by salt-induced growth of Ooraminna, Tood River-Windmill, Brumby, and Teresa anticlines. Facies relations and lateral variations in thickness of the Giles Creek suggest that the amount of offset on the Rodinga and Carrel Flat faults is minor, perhaps on the order of 1 to 2 kilometers at most. Initial carbonate sediments of the Giles Creek and upper Chandler were altered by syngenetic inversion of aragonite to calcite, recrystallization of calcite, precipitation of pyrite, and replacer-rent of calcite by dolomite; anagenetic silicification, compaction, and fracturing; and epigenetic oxidation, precipitation of calcite, dedolomitization, and silicification. Post-depositional changes in the terrigenous sediments include syngenetic oxidation, alteration of clay minerals, precipitation of silica, and dolomitization.

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Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1990. / Includes bibliographical references. / Microfiche. / xiii, 161 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

Photocopy of typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1979. / Bibliography: leaves 238-248. / Microfiche. / xii, 248 leaves ill., maps 29 cm

Thesis--Columbia University. / Cover title. Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.