The problem of the study was to determine the relationship of breast cancer prevention attitudes, level of body satisfaction, family history of breast cancer, and prior education about breast self-examination (BSE) to the performance of BSE by undergraduate college females. The participants in the study were 356 female college students enrolled in HSC 160, Fundamentals of Human Health, at Ball State University during the spring semester of 2001. Using a cross-sectional data collection process, participants completed a survey instrument measuring the variables of the study.The data were analyzed using both univariate and bivariate statistics. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were used to determine 1) the relationship between the level of performance of BSE among college females and their breast cancer prevention attitudes, 2) the relationship between college females' body dissatisfaction and their level of performance of BSE, 3) the association between the level of performance of BSE and family history of breast cancer, and 4) the association between the performance of BSE and prior education concerning BSE.The results indicated that there was a significant association between the performance of BSE and having prior knowledge concerning BSE, and with having a positive or negative breast cancer prevention attitude. No significant associations were found between the performance of BSE and having a family history of medical problems concerning the breasts, or with the subject's level of body dissatisfaction. / Department of Physiology and Health Science

This study of 79 male and 139 female university students investigated organizational recovery efforts following customer dissatisfaction. Rather than exploring recovery efforts that occur following a service failure, this study examined proactive versus reactive recovery efforts to determine implications for customer service. The purpose of this study was to determine ways in which to prevent a dissatisfying consumer experience from concluding as a complete service failure. This research extended the previous investigations of service recovery by Webster and Sundaram (1998) and Smith, Bolton, and Wagner (1999).A 4 x 3 factorial design employed four service recovery efforts and three service industries. Customer satisfaction and customer loyalty served as the primary dependent variables. Results supported the hypothesis that the use of communication before a dissatisfying service event concludes increases both customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. The results also provided evidence that customer satisfaction and customer loyalty are positively correlated. Combination recovery efforts and implications are discussed. / Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services

This thesis consists of two case studies which examine how Greenpeace, an independent global environmental campaigning organization, targeted major multinational corporations, McDonald’s and Unilever, in attempt to stop destructive agricultural processes in the developing world. This multiple case study examined how these corporations responded to activist pressure and offers prescriptive insight on how corporations can turn criticism in to an opportunity to achieve mutually beneficial outcomes when responding to activist pressure. These case studies will suggest that if public relations practitioners can create a dialogue with activists publics through two-way communication the profession of public relations can be a guiding force for creating more sustainable business practices, fostering corporate social and environmental responsibility, and creating positive social change. This paper examined recent literature on changing attitudes toward environmental issues, the credibility of corporate sustainability, and symmetrical communication. By studying the use of two-way dialogue in the practice of corporate communications with environmental activist organizations, these case studies will help to test the real world validity of theoretical propositions about symmetrical communication (L. Grunig 1992). Rather than directing its campaigns toward Cargill and other agriculture suppliers, Greenpeace chose to focus their efforts on McDonald’s and Unilever, two large highly visible international corporations using their products. Both companies chose to work with Greenpeace, pressured their suppliers to change their environmental policies, and worked toward creating moratoriums to end deforestation. / Department of Journalism

The purpose of this study was to examine the pre and post scores of literacy surveys to determine if there is a differential improvement in the literacy achievement of kindergarten students who attend one of three kindergarten programs: full-day, alternate-day, and half-day. The sample of this study consisted of 1530 kindergarten students enrolled in a centralized kindergarten program during the 2000-2001 and the 2001-2002 school years. Only the scores of the 1530 students who had both pre and post scores were included in the study. The hypothesis was studied at the .05 level of significance.The scores of 1530 students were studied at the pre and post level in two literacy skill areas, letter identification and concepts about print. The findings of the study were:1. There was a significant difference in the increase in student achievement of letter identification between alternate-day and half-day programs, with students in half-day making more gains.2. There was no significant difference in the increase in student achievement of letter identification between alternate-day and full-day programs.3. There was a significant difference in the increase in student achievement of concepts about print (CAP) between alternate-day and full-day, with students in full-day making more gains.4. There was no significant difference in the increase in student achievement of concepts about print between alternate-day and half-day programs.Overall, the findings indicate that students in the alternate-day program achieved the lowest gains in Letter Identification and concepts about print of the three kindergarten programs. / Department of Elementary Education

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect that case-based instructional methodology had on student’s development of critical thinking skills, cognitive engagement and learning as compared to the lecture-based instructional methodology. The experimental design consisted of two grade 12 high school biology classes being taught a unit of study with two different teaching methodologies. Each class was taught half the unit with case-based instruction and the other half of the unit using lecture-based instruction. The two classes were taught opposite halves using these instructional methodologies. The Applied Critical Thinking Measure was used to determine the students’ level of development of their critical thinking skills. The measure consisted of five scenarios that required students to read, identify the objective, ask questions that would clarify their understanding, draw upon existing information or list new information needed, and draw a conclusion with supporting statements. Cognitive engagement was measured by direct observations using a criterion checklist of 14 items. The teacher-researcher and her colleague designed three artifacts to measure student learning. T-tests were used to compare the mean scores of the two classes on each of the artifacts collected for student learning. The inferential statistics showed that student learning improved during the case-based teaching section of the unit. The observations showed an increase in cognitive engagement during the case-based instructional section of the unit. There was no significant difference in the mean scores for students’ critical thinking skills in Class 1, but there was a significant difference in the mean scores for Class 2. The difference appears modest but considering the duration of the study it is a notable development. The scope of this study addresses a knowledge gap regarding the use of case-based teaching methodology in high school. The implications are meaningful in that case-based teaching has shown to have an impact on cognitive engagement and student learning in a high school biology classroom.

The purposes of this study were to (1) identify major problems faced by the youth who, in transition from school to work, have resorted to anti-social behavior and are now inmates of Deuel Vocational Institution, (2) identify the behavioral patterns of youth having employment problems that resulted in incarceration within our penal system, (3) identify a profile of students leaving school who have resorted to anti-social behavior, as indicated by their incarceration within Deuel Vocational Institution, and (4) identify changes in the existing educational programs to aid youth in their transition from school to work. Procedures Thirty-five randomly selected inmates between the ages of 18 and 30 were in the sample for the case studies. Each inmate was interviewed using a directed interview instrument and allowed to express his own opinions regarding school and work. The inmate record jackets were searched to verify the data given in the interview, also for probable causes of anti-social behavior, employment history, family background and educational status. Findings The first part identified drugs as the most common link to antisocial behavior. In every case involving a youth indulging in the use of "reds" and alcohol, the crime was of the following nature: the smashing of a man's head with a concrete water meter cover; the apparently motiveless shooting of a man walking on a beach; the clubbing of a woman because "she called me a son of a bitch." In each case involving a youth using heroin, the anti-social behavior was related to the procurement of the money necessary to support a habit costing up to one hundred fifty dollars per day. The heroin addict is a thief, a robber or a drug dealer. The drug user seemed to feel he could not support his habit through regular employment or have the time needed to use the drugs. There were no cases of drug addicts gainfully employed. Every case investigated showed the inmate to be predominantly self-centered, There were no cases in which the inmate, either in his own statement about the crime or at any time during incarceration, stated that he felt concern for the victim or the relatives of the victim, A major portion of the inmates' records indicated antisocia1. behavior at an early age: the youngest was arrested at the age of nine and 90 percent were arrested before the age of 16. Most cases included two arrests before the inmate had left school. Thirty seven percent of the youth were involved in organized gangs. The gangs protected and provided for their members through a myriad of anti-social crimes. Four cases were involved in gang murders related to fights and recruitment drives. "Hanging out, standing around on the street or in the park was reported by many of the cases. "Hanging out" is a form of unstructured gang promoting drugs, alcohol and a philosophy that excludes working--or the slang term for working, "snapping"--to provide subsistence. Conclusions The following conclusions were derived from this study: (1) The major problems faced by the inmates in transition from school to work were developed before the age of 16. (2) The major factors relating to the inmates' anti-social behavior had very little to do with their education. (3) A major portion of those youth inclined toward anti-social behavior did not want to, and would not, work. (4) Those youth inclined toward anti-social behavior that did desire work were successfully employed at the time of the crime. (5) Anti-social behavior was not related to the inmates' transition from school to work. / Graduation date: 1977

Purpose: To develop and test the validity and reliability of the Life Sustaining Treatment Attitude Questionnaire (LSTAQ), a survey instrument to elicit family member decision-maker attitudes toward life sustaining treatments for the critically ill at end of life. Background: Attitudes toward life sustaining treatments (LST) have been shown to influence decision-making at end of life (EOL). A reliable and valid tool to elicit attitudes specifically from family member decision-makers may help healthcare professionals facilitate decision-making during serious illness at end of life. Methods: A 33-item LSTAQ instrument was tested in 170 adults. Construct validity was evaluated by exploratory factor analysis. Correlations established convergent and discriminant validity. Reliability testing for internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha and corrected split half reliability coefficients. All procedures were done with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 18) software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, 111). Results: A 30-item final LSTAQ tool was derived from this study. Principal components factor analysis extracted six factors explaining 62.7% of variance. Correlations with a similar tool supported convergence (r = .72, ? <.01). Discriminant validity was confirmed by the absence of significant correlation with the dissimilar tool. LSTAQ internal consistency was good (Cronbach's alpha = .92). A preliminary exploration of differences in LSTAQ scores by ethnicity revealed a sampling size and distribution that was not optimally responsive to detection of ethnic differences. Conclusion: The LSTAQ is a reliable and valid tool to elicit LST attitudes specifically from family member decision-makers. The knowledge gained may help healthcare professionals promote interventions that facilitate family decision-making on life support for the ill relative at end of life. This might help reduce decision difficulties that cause preventable discomfort, unnecessary treatment and prolonged suffering for the terminally ill patient, as well as avoidable distress among family members involved in decisions for the sick relative.

Zugl.: Basel, Univ., Diss., 2005

Thesis (B.S.)--University of Missouri, School of Mines and Metallurgy, 1910. / The entire thesis text is included in file. Typescript. Illustrated by authors. Sidney S. Schmidt received a Bachelor of Science in General Science. Russell B. Caples received a Bachelor of Science in Mining Engineering. Both degrees determined from "1874-1999 MSM-UMR Alumni Directory". Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed March 17, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 2, 17-18).

Saarbrücken, Univ., Diss., 1993.