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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Metodologia de an?lise e diagn?stico de fratura em um componente automotivo sujeito a cargas c?clicas alternadas

Andrade, Ismar Paulo Siqueira de 29 January 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IsmarPSA_DISSERT.pdf: 3272094 bytes, checksum: 874ef9b7da38d6ce15f3cf83d2e5a5cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-01-29 / The competitiveness of the trade generated by the higher availability of products with lower quality and cost promoted a new reality of industrial production with small clearances. Track deviations at the production are not discarded, uncertainties can statistically occur. The world consumer and the Brazilian one are supported by the consumer protection code, in lawsuits against the products poor quality. An automobile is composed of various systems and thousands of constituent parts, increasing the likelihood of failure. The dynamic and security systems are critical in relation to the consequences of possible failures. The investigation of the failure gives us the possibility of learning and contributing to various improvements. Our main purpose in this work is to develop a systematic, specific methodology by investigating the root cause of the flaw occurred on an axle end of the front suspension of an automobile, and to perform comparative data analyses between the fractured part and the project information. Our research was based on a flaw generated in an automotive suspension system involved in a mechanical judicial cause, resulting in property and personal damages. In the investigations concerning the analysis of mechanical flaws, knowledge on materials engineering plays a crucial role in the process, since it enables applying techniques for characterizing materials, relating the technical attributes required from a respective part with its structure of manufacturing material, thus providing a greater scientific contribution to the work. The specific methodology developed follows its own flowchart. In the early phase, the data in the records and information on the involved ones were collected. The following laboratory analyses were performed: macrography of the fracture, micrography with SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) of the initial and final fracture, phase analysis with optical microscopy, Brinell hardness and Vickers microhardness analyses, quantitative and qualitative chemical analysis, by using X-ray fluorescence and optical spectroscopy for carbon analysis, qualitative study on the state of tension was done. Field data were also collected. In the analyses data of the values resulting from the fractured stock parts and the design values were compared. After the investigation, one concluded that: the developed methodology systematized the investigation and enabled crossing data, thus minimizing diagnostic error probability, the morphology of the fracture indicates failure by the fatigue mechanism in a geometrically propitious location, a tension hub, the part was subjected to low tensions by the sectional area of the final fracture, the manufacturing material of the fractured part has low ductility, the component fractured in an earlier moment than the one recommended by the manufacturer, the percentages of C, Si, Mn and Cr of the fractured part present values which differ from the design ones, the hardness value of the superior limit of the fractured part is higher than that of the design, and there is no manufacturing uniformity between stock and fractured part. The work will contribute to optimizing the guidance of the actions in a mechanical engineering judicial expertise / A competitividade do com?rcio gerado pela maior disponibilidade de produtos com qualidade e custos menores, promoveu uma nova realidade de produ??o industrial com pequenas folgas. Desvios de trajet?ria na produ??o n?o s?o descartados, as incertezas estatisticamente podem ocorrer. O consumidor mundial e o brasileiro est?o respaldados pelo c?digo de defesa do consumidor, para pleitos quanto ? m? qualidade dos produtos. O autom?vel ? composto por diversos sistemas e milhares de pe?as constituintes, aumentando a probabilidade de falhas. Os sistemas din?micos e de seguran?a, s?o cr?ticos em rela??o ?s conseq??ncias das falhas poss?veis. A investiga??o da falha nos d? a possibilidade de aprendizado e contribui??o para diversas melhorias. O nosso objetivo principal neste trabalho ? desenvolver metodologia espec?fica sistem?tica atrav?s da investiga??o da causa raiz da falha ocorrida em uma ponta de eixo da suspens?o dianteira de um autom?vel, realizar an?lises comparativas de dados entre a pe?a fraturada e estoque e informa??es de projeto. A nossa investiga??o foi baseada em uma falha gerada em um sistema de suspens?o automotivo, envolvido em uma causa judicial mec?nica, gerando danos materiais e pessoais. Nas investiga??es que envolvem an?lise de falhas mec?nicas, o conhecimento de engenharia de materiais tem papel crucial no processo, pois permite a aplica??o de t?cnicas para caracteriza??o dos materiais, relacionando os atributos t?cnicos exigidos de uma respectiva pe?a com a sua estrutura de material de fabrica??o, dando um maior aporte cient?fico ao trabalho. A metodologia espec?fica desenvolvida obedece a um fluxograma pr?prio. Na fase inicial foram coletados dados dos autos e informa??es dos envolvidos. As seguintes an?lises laboratoriais foram executadas: macrografia da fratura, micrografia com MEV (microsc?pio eletr?nico de varredura) da fratura inicial e final, an?lise de fases com microscopia ?tica, an?lise de dureza Brinell e microdureza Vickers, an?lise qu?mica quantitativa e qualitativa, utilizando fluoresc?ncia de raios x e espectroscopia ?tica para an?lise de carbono, foi feito estudo qualitativo do estado de tens?o. Dados de campo tamb?m foram coletados. Nas an?lises foram comparados dados dos valores resultantes das pe?as fraturada estoque e valores de projeto. Ap?s a investiga??o, foi conclu?do que: a metodologia desenvolvida sistematizou a investiga??o e permitiu cruzamentos de dados minimizando probabilidade de erros de diagn?stico, a morfologia da fratura indica falha pelo mecanismo de fadiga em um local geometricamente prop?cio concentrador de tens?o, a pe?a foi submetida a tens?es baixas pela ?rea de sec??o da fratura final, o material de fabrica??o da pe?a fraturada tem baixa ductilidade, o componente fraturou em um momento inferior ao preconizado pelo fabricante, os percentuais de C, Si, e Cr da pe?a fraturada est?o com os valores diferentes do projeto, o valor de dureza do limite superior da pe?a fraturada est? maior que o projeto e n?o existe uniformidade de fabrica??o entre pe?a fraturada e estoque. O trabalho contribuir? para otimizar o norteamento das a??es em uma per?cia judicial de engenharia mec?nica

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