AbstractTitle: “Heat without passion and caution without fear”: celebrity journalism and press ethics in Aftonbladet – a text analysisNumber of pages: 48Author: Moa ThorssellTutor: Martin FredrikssonCourse: Media and Communication Studies CPeriod: Fall 2009University: Department of Informatics and Media, Uppsala UniversityPurppose/Aim: Analyzing how the Swedish tabloid Aftonbladet writes about celebrities on a daily basis; the quality of the journalism and how they follow the press etics.Material/Method: Qualitative textual analysis of seven newsarticles about celebrities published in Aftonbladet, November 9th to November 15th 2009.Main results: Of the seven analyzed articles six could be considered as less good journalism. In the other cases, considering the journalistic ideal to have several sources, were rarely the case. Most of the articles were poorly based on facts and quotations. Sometimes the reporter had not even spoken to the person in question. The lack of information in the articles was compensated with dramatic titles and preambles. Even in the rest of the text the journalists used dramatical words to make the story bigger than it was.The articles also revealed the personal life. Around fifty percent of the articles were based on people who were difficult to define as public or private figures. Though they had participated in a reality show on tv, Aftonbladet decided to define them as celebrities. With defining them as celebrities the paper had less restrictions press ethically for what it could write. However, in reality the articles involved people who were not used to the media’s attention, but who most likely would do a lot to stay in the spotlight. Something that the media, with not following the press ethics, could easily take advantage of. But also with the person who were more easily defined as celebrities, the articles went far into the personal life.My analysis states that when it comes to news about celebrities the press ethics is less important, even though it concerns the private life of others. One also felt like it was less requirements for journalistic quality in these cases. Moreover all the articles could be classified as articles with a high news value. In conclusion a high news value did not automatically mean high quality journalism. Rather the high news value had to do with that it was articles about celebrities opening up their private life.Keywords: Celebrity journalism, public/private figure, press ethics, tabloid.

本研究以台灣《壹週刊》的影劇新聞為例，以批判論述分析法（Critical Discourse Analysis）的思考精神為啟發，從性別角色、發言權、新聞的語言特色等面向分析《壹週刊》文本。接下來，以明星、經紀人／宣傳的和小報記者的訪談，釐清台灣小報影劇新聞的產製方式，以及明星體系小報文化當中的運作過程，從中分析小報影劇新聞中誰掌握了發言權，明星和經紀人會使用哪些媒體策略來獲得正面助益。 　　本研究結果發現，小報媒體在全球不同文化間依循著類似的軌跡發展，從單元、圖片與題材編排的類似手法，將明星八卦、醜聞、性等細節無限制放大，透過主觀、嘲諷的口語敘事與大量圖片，讓讀者看到明星報導的幕後感與故事性。小報記者參與新聞製作時的立場是正向高度肯定的，因為小報調查式的新聞手法需要長時間籌畫、收集資料、蒐證，因此，記者認為小報才是為讀者揭發社會真相、真正敢言的媒體。另一方面，記者與明星的互動關係是多種權力交織而成的動態協商，多數時間記者掌握了報導發展的詮釋空間，但是，佔上風的角色會隨著藝人實力產生變動。操作過程中，經紀人為了徹底保護明星形象，將明星視為必須保護的文化商品，控制了明星對外發言的權力，也拉開了明星和媒體的距離。面對小報新聞可能造成的傷害，通常經紀人會預先設定立場、準備模板答案，來維護明星聲望在小報文化的侵入下能順利運作。 / Taken the entertainment news of Next Magazine as the example, the main research frame is inspired by Critical Discourse Analysis. The study analyzed the text of Next Magazine from the roles of gender, the voices and the linguistic characters of news to clarify the production logic of Taiwanese tabloid news. Next, from the interviews of entertainers, agents /publicists and tabloid journalists, the study tried to figure out how celebrity news production and Star system work within tabloid culture. Who take the initiative of speech and utilize what kind of strategy to manipulate media relations. The study found that, the tabloid media has developed along a similar path even in different cultures around the world. By using similar manners of the arrangement of units, images and subjects, the tabloids unlimitedly enlarge the details of the gossip, scandals and sex affairs of entertainers; additionally, a colloquial description in a subjective and mocking way and plenty of pictures are utilized to give readers a feel of behind-the-scene and narrative to the entertainers’ news. Nowadays, tabloid journalists hold a positive attitude toward the manner of digging out newsworthy materials, which requires a long time planning, information-gathering and evidence-collecting. On the other hand, the interaction between journalists and entertainers is a dynamic negotiation established by a variety of powers. What’s more, the agent may regard stars as a cultural goods, then control the power of speech of stars in order to completely protect the media image of stars. At the same time, agents block the normal communication between stars and media. To prevent the harm caused by tabloid, the agents might pre-set position and answer the template answer to maintain the reputation of stars.