The aim is to draw attention to an inefficient allocation of resources and capital, which has resulted in rising food prices and the high number of hungry people in developing coutries, which European and U.S. subsidy policy does nt accumulate capital and invest in their production. I focused on the prices of raw materials for biofuel production in connection with legislative obligations and CO2 emissions, including the impact of indirect land use changes (ILUC) and based on searches draw conclusions from primary studies that deal with macroeconomic modeling. This thesis confirmed the hypothesis that the current agricultural policy on biofuels does not comply with the theory of comparative advantage of growing food where it is advatageous both economically and environmentally.

The diploma thesis deals with factors that affected the real estate market in the 1920s in the United States. The aim of the thesis was to determine whether monetary policy had any effect on the prices of new residential houses and whether its easing led to the creation of price bubble and subsequent fall in prices. At first the thesis focuses on explaining economic development and monetary policy in the 1920s and subsequently on the analysis of foreign studies concerning different factors and their effects. The statistical method of regression model was used to test hypothesis. The results of my analysis proved that the monetary policy of the Federal Reserve System was one of the factors affecting the prices of new buildings. This occurred through changes in interest rates, which encouraged an increase in real estate prices during the boom.

In this diploma thesis are analyzed selling prices of flats in Czech Republic. Based on literature and economic theory about similar topic was made economic model and constructed variables, which could have effect on the price. For the analysis were used information about 1100 flats in 8 Czech cities. The effect of the variables was measured using ordinary least square method. Increase of size of the flat by one squared meter cause 1,28% increase of price. Price of flats in ground floor is lower than other flats. This effect raises until fifth floor. Flats in last floor are cheaper than others. The effect of balcony is almost 33% higher price. Fixed effects of cities give the results that Prague is the most attractive, at the end is Ústí nad Labem.

The thesis explains the theory of purchasing power parity and related concepts. It shows differences in prices and wages all around the globe and gives theoretical explanation of existing disparities. The goal is to find out how prices differ in reality, where costs of living are the highest or the lowest and what makes some products more or less expensive in different countries. In order to answer the questions the thesis deals with, the variety of sources was used, starting from economics textbooks, academic journals, literature reviews, the Economist website, a study of UBS 'Prices and Earnings', International Monetary Fund database and others.

The thesis focuses on the transfer pricing questions in the Czech companies. The theoretical part concerns the legislative background, transfer pricing determination methodology and related necessary documentation. The practical part contains the performed questionnaire survey targeted at transfer pricing methods, binding consideration, documentation, and experience with the tax search. A specific manufacturing company is then used to illustrate the manner of transfer pricing determination.

This thesis focuses on the effects tax havens have on both developed and developing countries. The work is presented in four chapters. The first chapter builds a framework of the subject by focusing on tax havens and the issues they create. A brief history of tax havens is discussed and essential statistics are presented. The second chapter discusses the effects tax havens have on developing countries. The link between transfer pricing and tax havens is also analyzed. The third chapter identifies the effects tax havens have on developed countries and its role in the financial crisis. The last chapter explores the current fight against tax havens and their likely impact in the future.

This thesis deals with taxation of permanent establishments and effect of transfer pricing regulation on method of attribution taxable profit to permanent establishments. Firstly, the thesis describes reasons for creation of permanent establishments and analyses how international and local legislation approaches to taxation of their profits. It also examines methods of attribution taxable profit to permanent establishments. Finally, the thesis analyses whether it is possible to use publically available data for determining tax base of "dependent agent" permanent establishment. For this purposes the following methods were used: regression analysis, cluster analysis and logistic regression analysis.

The first part of the thesis concerns describing the main topics concerned when mentioning electroenergetics: peculiarities of electricity and specifics of this commodity as well as liberalization that took place within this sector and new patterns arisen from these changes mainly in terms of business not only in wholesale, but also with effects on retail. It also outlines the economic rationale behind these changes. The second part of the thesis is an empirical analysis of real wholesale market data, demonstrating results of correlation, convergence and cointegration in spot prices of wholesale electricity in particular European countries.

This thesis will examine whether the price level on the market of mobile services in comparison with other countries is high or not. After performing own international price comparison which revealed high price level in both analyzed consumer baskets thesis offers some possible options which could lead to the current high price level on the market. The observed high market concentration is one of the possible solutions and leads to discover several solutions whose analysis shows that high price level in the Czech mobile services market cannot be associated with only one factor. The price level is mainly affected by the absence of more operators which can be partly attributed to the insufficient steps of market regulator - ČTÚ especially in the area of termination fees and lease licenses to operating in mobile networks. Both of these steps are also very important for the future development of the market.

My diploma thesis focuses on the M&A transaction closing mechanisms. Their function is to reflect the value changes of the target company into the purchase price. Value change occurs during the time lag between the date of the financial statements and the date of the transaction closing. Throughout history, there have been two major approaches developed. The "Completion Accounts Mechanism" uses post-completion price adjustments to reflect the change of the net working capital and net debt during the interim period. The "Locked Box Mechanism", using fixed price, assures non-fluctuation of target value in the interim period by imposing strict restrictions on the seller's activities. In this research, I have analyzed 44 transactions closed in the Czech Republic. I have challenged the theoretical foundations and described the application of the mechanisms in practice. At the end, I have compared the Czech and European practices. Thesis findings: 1. All the theoretical features of the mechanisms were proven by an analyzed sample of closed transactions. The completion accounts mechanism is buyer-friendly, while the locked box is a seller-friendly mechanism. 2. The main driver in mechanism selection is bargaining power. Buyers were in a better negotiating position in 69% of the completion account transactions. On the contrary, the sellers had bargaining power in 100% of the locked box transactions. 3. The Czech Republic is an environment where buyers (big multinational companies) dominate. They have preferred the completion account mechanism that provides them with higher protection from value leakage or other risks associated with small CEE economies. A total of 91% of analyzed transactions were executed by the completion account mechanism in the Czech Republic between 2011 and 2012.