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Since the energy crisis in 1970’s, research on low energy cements with low CO2-emissions has been increasing. Numerous solutions have been investigated, and the goal of this original research is to create a viable hybrid cement with the components of both Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and calcium sulfoaluminate cement (CSAC), by forming a material that contains both alite and calcium sulfoaluminate clinker phases. Furthermore, this research focuses on keeping the cost of this material reasonable by reducing aluminum requirements through its substitution with iron. The aim of this work would produce a cement that can use large amounts of red mud, which is a plentiful waste material, in place of bauxite known as an expensive raw material. Modified Bogue equations were established and tested to formulate this novel cement with different amounts of ferrite, from 5% to 45% by weight. This was followed by the production of cement from reagent chemicals, and from industrial by-products as feedstocks (fly ash, red mud and slag). Hydration processes, as well as the mechanical properties, of these clinker compositions were studied, along with the addition of gypsum and the impact of a ferric iron complexing additive triisopropanolamine (TIPA). To summarize this research, the influence of the addition of 5-45% by weight of ferrite phase, was examined with the goal of introducing as much red mud as possible in the process without negatively attenuate the cement properties. Based on this PhD dissertation, the production of high-iron alite-calcium sulfoaluminate-ferrite cements was proven possible from the two sources of raw materials. The hydration processes and the mechanical properties seemed negatively affected by the addition of ferrite, as this phase was not hydrated entirely, even after 6 months of curing. The usage of TIPA counteracted this decline in strength by improving the ferrite hydration and increasing the optimum amount of gypsum required in each composition. The mechanical data were equivalent to OPC strengths for some compositions with 25% ferrite. This preliminary work constitutes the first research phase of this novel cement and requires additional research for its improvement. Topics for additional research are identified in this dissertation.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- McMaster University, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 186-196). Also available via World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. / Additional advisors: Robert A. Angus, Joe J. Gauthier, Jason T. Kirby, Robert W. Peters. Description based on contents viewed June 12, 2008; title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-87).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Lehigh University, 1997. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 218-227).

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1991. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-68). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Toledo, 2009. / Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillments of the requirements for The Master of Science Degree in Mechanical Engineering." "A thesis entitled"--at head of title. Bibliography: leaves 104-110.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Rutgers University, 2007. / "Graduate Program in Ceramic and Materials Science and Engineering." Includes bibliographical references (p. 494-501).