In the 21th century, knowledge has become the most important capital for success of a business. Therefore, effective management of organizational knowledge may be one of the ultimate determinants of the businesses competitive advantage. According to Davenport and Prusak (1998), a knowledge-friendly culture is the key point to transfer knowledge successfully. In the past, human resource was the core resource in an organization, and now, because "human" is the user of knowledge, it becomes much more important in the knowledge economy era. Thus, how to build a knowledge-oriented human resource system and form an appropriate culture, which is suitable for knowledge management, has become one of the most important issues for a company. This thesis adopts the empirical survey approach. All questions in the survey questionnaire were summarized from the literature about human resource management policies and characteristics of culture in knowledge projects to find out what human resource functions can do to benefit the knowledge management. In addition, this study also tries to conclude the characteristics and types of knowledge-oriented culture from the statistic analysis of empirical data. Then, through the advanced analysis, I try to understand the relationships between human resource policies and characteristics of knowledge-oriented culture. Besides, business is an open system, it will not only affected by external environment, but also affected by internal environment. As a result, industrial environment and characteristics of organizations were considered in this study to find out the effects of organizational characteristics on human resource management and knowledge-oriented culture. After statistic analyzes, the results are summarized as following: 1. The characteristics and types of knowledge-oriented culture: (1) Characteristics: professionalism and openness, emphasis on innovation, initiative of learning, experience sharing, boundryless cooperation, relationship and harmony, trust and autonomy, and information providing. (2) Types: supportive and learning culture type, autonomous and independent culture type, traditional and conservative culture type, and professionalism- oriented culture type. . 2. The policies of human resource management in knowledge programs: Potential-oriented employment, employee-centered development, self-directed team operation, horizontal organization structure, team-based evaluation, innovation-emphasized, concerning career development, reward innovation and sharing knowledge. 3. Differences of human resource management policies and characteristics of knowledge-oriented culture were due to differences of organizational characteristics. 4. There is a positive relationship and effect between human resource management policies and knowledge-oriented culture characteristics. 5. The characteristics of organization have the moderating effects on the relationship between human resource management policies and knowledge-oriented culture characteristics. 6. The relationship between the characteristics of organization, human resource management policies, and knowledge-oriented culture types: (1)Different competitive strategy of company has different culture type. (2)The change of industrial environment and the degree of centralization of a company will make a significant difference on culture type. (3)Different policies of human resources management lead to different culture types. Considering the results mentioned above, some suggestions are made for both firms and further researches in this field