Silicate melt inclusions (MI) are small samples of melt that are trapped during crystal growth at magmatic pressures and temperatures. The MI represent a sample of the melt that was isolated from the magma during host crystal growth. Thus, MI provide a valuable tool for constraining the magmatic history of igneous systems because they provide an unambiguous method to directly determine compositions of melts from which the host crystal grew. As such, coupled petrographic examination and geochemical analyses of MI and host crystals can reveal information about crystal/melt processes in igneous systems that are difficult (or impossible) to assess through conventional methods. Many studies have used MI to monitor large scale petrogenetic processes such as partial melting and fractional crystallization. The research presented below focuses on using MI to constrain processes that operate at the crystal/melt interface because MI are samples of melt that resided adjacent to the host crystal prior to entrapment as an inclusion. Chapter one addresses challenges associated with preparing small crystals containing MI for geochemical analysis. In chapter two trace element analyses of MI and the immediately adjacent host zircon crystals are used to determine zircon/melt partition coefficients. In chapter 3 the significance of boundary layer development adjacent to growing crystals is evaluated by comparing the trace element compositions of MI host crystals that have significantly different trace element mineral/melt partitioning behavior. / Ph. D.

The ability of artificial microswimmers to respond to external stimuli and the mechanistical details of their origins belong to the most disputed challenges in interdisciplinary science. Therein, the creation of chemical gradients is technically challenging, because they quickly level out due to diffusion. Inspired by pivotal stopped flow experiments in chemical kinetics, we show that microfluidics gradient generation combined with a pressure feedback loop for precisely controlling the stop of the flows, can enable us to study mechanistical details of chemotaxis of artificial Janus micromotors, based on a catalytic reaction. We find that these copper Janus particles display a chemotactic motion along the concentration gradient in both, positive and negative direction and we demonstrate the mechanical reaction of the particles to unbalanced drag forces, explaining this behaviour.