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Aten??o Psicol?gica Cl?nica: encontros terap?uticos com crian?as em uma creche / Psychological Clinic Attention: therapeutic encounters with children in a daycare centerCampos, Ana Paula de S? 12 February 2008 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2008-02-12 / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas / This research proposes to analyze the therapeutic potentiality of encounters held by the researcher psychologist with children of three to six years old within the context of daycare center located in Campinas, SP. The theoretical reference used was the Person Centered Approach (PCA) developed by the American psychologist Carl Ransom Rogers. Specifically, it is based upon the therapeutic proposal of Virginia Mae Axline, known as Child Centered Ludotherapy. The study may be characterized as intervention research, developed with a basis in the implantation of a practical clinical psychology, made available to the children in an institutional context. Initially, the researcher participated weekly in the routine activities of the daycare center, with the status of an observer, for a period of two months, when she entered into contact with the children and with the technicians in an informal manner. The therapeutic encounters emerged from a spontaneous need of some of the children. The stay of the researcher in the daycare center was, approximately, one year and half, dating from April 2006 to December 2007. The children themselves generated the structure of the meetings, establishing with the researcher a relationship which is similar to the clinical intervention known as On Duty Psychology. This is a differentiated psychological practice that emphasizes empathic listening, positive unconditional acceptance and congruence as therapeutic attitudes of the psychologist on duty. The research was conducted in a phenomenological manner: some narratives having been constructed upon therapeutic encounters. The narratives allow the understanding and interpretation of the clinical arousal which emerged from the therapeutic encounters through a prism of an inter-subjective relationship. It may be concluded that the therapeutic encounters present favorable conditions to the production of the psychological potential for self understanding and integration. In this study, evidence was found of: a) the capacity of the children to assume the initiative in a spontaneous search in relation to psychological help; b) the capacity of the children in communicating feelings regarding themselves and their problems; c) the capacity of the children to understand and collaborate in the construction of the relationship for psychological help; d) the importance and competence of the attitudes of empathy, positive unconditional acceptance and congruence on the part of the psychologist. The results confirm the innovative character and the importance of the development of differentiated clinical practices in institutional contexts. This research permits a glimpse of new directions insofar as the applicability of therapeutic encounters of this nature given their psychological mutative nature. / Esta pesquisa prop?s-se a analisar a potencialidade terap?utica de encontros realizados pela psic?loga pesquisadora com crian?as de tr?s a seis anos, no contexto de uma creche inserida em Campinas, SP. O referencial te?rico utilizado foi a Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa (ACP), desenvolvida pelo psic?logo norte-americano Carl Ransom Rogers. Especificamente, fundamenta-se na proposta terap?utica de Virg?nia Mae Axline, denominada Ludoterapia centrada na crian?a. O estudo caracterizou-se como uma pesquisa interven??o, desenvolvida com base na implanta??o de uma pr?tica psicol?gica cl?nica, disponibilizada para crian?as em um contexto institucional. Inicialmente, a pesquisadora participou semanalmente das atividades rotineiras da creche, na condi??o de observadora, durante um per?odo de dois meses, quando entrou em contato com as crian?as e com os t?cnicos de maneira informal. Os encontros terap?uticos emergiram da demanda espont?nea de algumas crian?as. A perman?ncia da pesquisadora na creche foi de, aproximadamente, um ano e meio, datando de abril de 2006 a dezembro de 2007. As pr?prias crian?as geraram a estrutura dos encontros, estabelecendo com a pesquisadora uma rela??o que se aproxima da interven??o cl?nica denominada de Plant?o Psicol?gico. Esta ? uma pr?tica psicol?gica que se constitui em um enquadre diferenciado que prioriza a escuta emp?tica, a aceita??o positiva incondicional e a congru?ncia como atitudes terap?uticas do plantonista. A pesquisa foi conduzida de maneira fenomenol?gica, tendo sido constru?das narrativas baseadas nos encontros terap?uticos. As narrativas permitiram compreender e interpretar o acontecer cl?nico que emergiu dos encontros terap?uticos, por um prisma de uma rela??o intersubjetiva. Concluiu-se que os encontros terap?uticos apresentam condi??es favor?veis ? atualiza??o do potencial psicol?gico para a autocompreens?o e integra??o. Neste estudo, foram evidenciadas: a) a capacidade das crian?as em assumir a iniciativa pela procura espont?nea por uma rela??o de ajuda psicol?gica; b) a capacidade das crian?as em comunicar sentimentos a respeito de si mesmas e de seus problemas; c) a capacidade das crian?as em compreender e colaborar para a estrutura??o da rela??o de ajuda psicol?gica; d) a import?ncia e sufici?ncia das atitudes de empatia, aceita??o positiva incondicional e congru?ncia por parte da psic?loga. Os resultados confirmaram o car?ter inovador e a import?ncia do desenvolvimento de enquadres cl?nicos diferenciados em contextos institucionais. Esta pesquisa permite vislumbrar novos caminhos no sentido da aplicabilidade de encontros terap?uticos desta natureza, dada a sua potencialidade mutativa.
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