Children’s health outcomes are affected by multiple variables, including biological, environmental, psychological and social factors. Many determinants are decided after birth depending on the surrounding physical, psychological and social environment that the child enters. Elements such as socioeconomic status, marital status, race, education level and access to healthcare greatly affect a mother’s health literacy, and, thus, her ability to adequately care for her child(ren). This project examines the impact of maternal health literacy training on the knowledge of mothers, who have been homeless. Ninety-one women completed a six-hour maternal health literacy training. A pre-posttest design was used to measure maternal knowledge change as the result of the training. The same measure was used at both time points, and the measure was designed in a multiple-choice format. Outcomes indicate that the maternal health literacy training positively impacted reported maternal child health knowledge. Additionally, a follow-up survey was given to 11% of the total sample, to examine the sustainability of the knowledge gains 2-4 months post-training. Findings indicate that the women who took the follow-up survey retained a considerable amount of health literacy knowledge. This is a first step into research examining how maternal health literacy training improves short and long term knowledge in a high risk sample of mothers. The positive outcomes suggest that this program could be beneficial to agencies across the country serving maternal needs in similar circumstances. Recommendations for further research are discussed.

No / Existing research on the impact of growing up in care focuses upon either the care experience itself or the period of transition from care to independence. Our knowledge of outcomes largely ceases when former residents of the care system reach their early twenties. There are strong social justice reasons for extending research into the older adult lives of such young people. We know a great deal about the multiple disadvantages that such individuals face as children. But research is largely silent about their subsequent adult lives. While we must be cautious in drawing causal links to the childhood care experience as the time period since life in care extends, we know that early experiences can affect care-leavers across their life coursejust as childhood experience affects all adults in a variety of ways. In this review, we highlight evidence drawn from research in Australia, the United Kingdom, Canada, Ireland, and the United States, with particular attention paid to the first two of those countries. We use a wide range of sources and identify areas for further consideration, including access to personal records, mental health, education, and parenting. By doing so, we seek to open up this area for further research with the hope that such research will lead to an increasing recognition of care-leavers' needs and thus to improvements in social policy and service provision.