手稿本. / Thesis (碩士)--香港中文大學. / Shou gao ben. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 348-360). / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue. / 論衡篇名表 --- p.1 / 凡例 --- p.14 / 緒言 --- p.17 / Chapter 〈1〉 --- 接近口語的語法特色 --- p.1 / Chapter 〈1.1〉 --- 新興的被動形式 --- p.5 / Chapter 〈1.1.1〉 --- ｢為…所｣被動式 --- p.9 / Chapter 〈1.1.2〉 --- ｢被｣字被動式 --- p.13 / Chapter 〈1.2〉 --- 新興的繁詞是　 --- p.20 / Chapter 〈1.3〉 --- 新與的介詞 --- p.30 / Chapter 〈1.3.1〉 --- 從 --- p.30 / Chapter 〈1.3.2〉 --- 到 --- p.38 / Chapter 〈1.4〉 --- 其他詞類的新與用法 --- p.41 / Chapter 〈1.4.1〉 --- 說 --- p.41 / Chapter 〈1.4.2〉 --- 案 --- p.43 / Chapter 〈1.4.3〉 --- 起 --- p.48 / Chapter 〈1.4.4〉 --- 到 --- p.50 / Chapter 〈1.4.5〉 --- 或時 --- p.53 / Chapter 〈1.4.6〉 --- 都 --- p.56 / Chapter 〈1.4.7〉 --- 成事 --- p.58 / Chapter 〈1.4.8〉 --- 等 --- p.63 / Chapter 〈1.5〉 --- 複音詞的使用 --- p.66 / Chapter 〈1.5.1〉 --- 單音詞轉為複音詞 --- p.67 / Chapter 〈1.6〉 --- 小結 --- p.77 / 注釋 --- p.79 / Chapter 〈2〉 --- 動辭連用結構 --- p.83 / Chapter 〈2.1〉 --- 並列式的動詞連用 --- p.84 / Chapter 〈2.2〉 --- 連動式的動詞連用　 --- p.87 / Chapter 〈2.3〉 --- 領賓補語的動詞連用 --- p.89 / Chapter 〈2.3.1〉 --- 及物動詞的領賓補語 --- p.92 / Chapter 〈2.3.2〉 --- 不及物動詞的領賓補語 --- p.98 / Chapter 〈2.4〉 --- 結果補語的動詞連用　 --- p.102 / Chapter 〈2.4.1〉 --- 賓語及行動結果的分析 --- p.103 / Chapter 〈2.4.2〉 --- 連用動詞的分析　 --- p.109 / Chapter 〈2.4.2.1〉 --- 及物動詞┼及物動詞的連用 --- p.109 / Chapter 〈2.4.2.2〉 --- 及物動詞┼不及物動詞的連用 --- p.118 / Chapter 〈2.4.2.3〉 --- 不及物動詞┼不及物動詞的連用 --- p.129 / Chapter 〈2.4.3〉 --- 結果補語結構中形容詞代動詞 --- p.132 / Chapter 〈2.4.4〉 --- 形容詞充任結果式的第一部分 --- p.135 / Chapter 〈2.5〉 --- 動向補語的動詞連用 --- p.138 / Chapter 〈2.5.1〉 --- 以｢出̐£入｣為動向補語的動詞連用 --- p.141 / Chapter 〈2.5.2〉 --- 以｢來̐£去｣為動向補語的動詞連用 --- p.148 / Chapter 〈2.5.3〉 --- 動向補語的引申意義 --- p.152 / Chapter 〈2.5.4〉 --- 其他動向補語 --- p.157 / Chapter 〈2.5.5〉 --- 複動向補語 --- p.162 / Chapter 〈2.6〉 --- 其他補語結構　 --- p.165 / Chapter 〈2.6.1〉 --- ｢得｣字補語　 --- p.165 / Chapter 〈2.6.2〉 --- ｢著｣字補語 --- p.173 / Chapter 〈2.7〉 --- 小結 --- p.175 / 注釋 --- p.176 / Chapter 〈3〉 --- 數量詞的結構 --- p.179 / Chapter 〈3.1〉 --- 量詞的組合情形 --- p.179 / Chapter 〈3.2〉 --- 動量詞的使用問題 --- p.199 / Chapter 〈3.3〉 --- 從論衡看漢代的量詞 --- p.202 / Chapter 〈3.3.1〉 --- 塊 --- p.204 / Chapter 〈3.3.2〉 --- 把 --- p.206 / Chapter 〈3.3.3〉 --- 鑊 --- p.208 / Chapter 〈3.3.4〉 --- 節　 --- p.210 / Chapter 〈3.3.5〉 --- 札 --- p.212 / Chapter 〈3.3.6〉 --- 條 --- p.214 / Chapter 〈3.3.7〉 --- 本 --- p.216 / Chapter 〈3.3.8〉 --- 炬 --- p.218 / Chapter 〈3.3.9〉 --- 行 --- p.220 / Chapter 〈3.3.10〉 --- 合 --- p.222 / Chapter 〈3.3.11〉 --- 種 --- p.224 / Chapter 〈3.4〉 --- 論衡量詞的分析 --- p.226 / Chapter 〈3.4.1〉 --- 分工及共性量詞問題 --- p.229 / Chapter 〈3.5〉 --- 小結 --- p.234 / 注釋 --- p.240 / Chapter 〈4〉 --- 疑問詞的特徵 --- p.243 / Chapter 〈4.1〉 --- 新興疑問詞的問題 --- p.243 / Chapter 〈4.1.1〉 --- 寧 --- p.244 / Chapter 〈4.1.2〉 --- 曾 --- p.247 / Chapter 〈4.1.3〉 --- 未 --- p.249 / Chapter 〈4.1.4〉 --- 不 --- p.253 / Chapter 〈4.2〉 --- 疑問代詞｢何｣的特徵 --- p.260 / Chapter 〈4.2.1〉 --- ｢何｣字位置的變換 --- p.266 / Chapter 〈4.2.2〉 --- 以｢何｣字組成的短問句 --- p.276 / Chapter 〈4.2.3〉 --- ｢何｣字其他組何形式 --- p.280 / Chapter 〈4.2.3.1〉 --- 何等 --- p.280 / Chapter 〈4.2.3.2〉 --- 何嫌 --- p.286 / Chapter 〈4.2.3.3〉 --- 何許 --- p.291 / Chapter 〈4.3〉 --- 疑問代詞｢誰｣的特徵 --- p.294 / Chapter 〈4.4〉 --- 小結 --- p.302 / 注釋 --- p.304 / Chapter 附錄一 --- 接近口語的詞彙　　 --- p.308 / Chapter 附錄二 --- 成語 --- p.316 / Chapter 附錄三 --- 自序對換的複音詞 --- p.327 / 工具書及參考書目 --- p.348

published_or_final_version / Chinese / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / abstract / Chinese / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the relation between the teaching of Chinese syntax and the acquisition process by adult learners based on multitheoretical and multimethodological approaches. Through a brief review of the features of Chinese syntax and a comparative study of three different syntactic analytic systems, a Chinese linguistic background is provided. A further study of pedagogical Chinese syntax was conducted by investigating the teaching materials and methods introduced in three commonly used Chinese textbooks. Based on the Chinese linguistic and pedagogical background, the surveys were designed to probe the learners' acquisition process of Chinese syntax. The studies involved a total of 73 subjects who are native English speakers learning Chinese at different universities. It has been found that: (1) adult learners' acquisition order and rate are closely related to their cognitive skills; (2) the scope of acquisition in adults is subject to time limitations; (3) analysis & analogy are the main methods used by adult learners in the acquisition of syntax; (4) the learning environment & the knowledge of the target syntax by adult learners are not required to be situationally linked; (5) the process of syntactic transfer is incomplete among adult learners due to the lack of target language input; (6) the general failure rate in L2 acquisition partially associates with the lack of the fully functional innate language faculty; (7) the adult learners' common mistakes in syntactic acquisition process are predictable due to syntactic transfer and the influences from L1; (8) different teaching methods result in different strengths in students; (9) there is a gap between grammatical competence & communicative competence in the adult learners' acquisition process. According to those features, I proposed nine pedagogical principles for the Chinese syntax teaching, and a case study of teaching Chinese structures with three post-verbal complements was conducted in order to have a field-test. The discussion in this dissertation has partially confirmed the claim made by psycho-linguistic researchers that learning a second language is a complex process. There is a hierarchical order in acquiring language competence, and the acquisition of hierarchically ordered skills requires integrated approaches.

Li, Haoze. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 157-163). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.v / Table of Contents --- p.vii / List of Abbreviations --- p.x / Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- What are focus intervention effects --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Theoretical framework --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Minimalist Program --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Classification of features --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Agree --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3 --- Previous studies of Mandarin wh-questions --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- wh-nominals --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- wh-adverbials --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4 --- Organization of the thesis --- p.18 / Chapter Chapter Two --- Literature review --- p.21 / Chapter 2.1 --- Two types of intervention effects --- p.21 / Chapter 2.2 --- LF movement blocking --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3 --- Separation Principle --- p.26 / Chapter 2.4 --- Agree blocking --- p.36 / Chapter 2.5 --- Competition effect --- p.39 / Chapter 2.6 --- Summary --- p.43 / Chapter Chapter Three --- Mandarin contrastive focus particles --- p.44 / Chapter 3.1 --- Focus --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2 --- Information focus vs. contrastive focus --- p.46 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Semantic interpretation --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Syntactic distribution --- p.50 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Syntactic association --- p.51 / Chapter 3.3 --- Mandarin contrastive focus particles --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Semantic Properties --- p.53 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Syntactic Distributions --- p.58 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Association with focused constituents --- p.65 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- "Inner focus, Outer focus and Agree" --- p.70 / Chapter 3.4 --- Summary --- p.73 / Chapter Chapter Four --- Focus intervention effects --- p.75 / Chapter 4.1 --- Focus intervention effects in wh-questions with wh-nominals --- p.75 / Chapter 4.2 --- Focus intervention effects in wh-questions with wh-adverbials --- p.78 / Chapter 4.3 --- F-XP association and F-Wh association --- p.91 / Chapter 4.4 --- Weakening or canceling contexts --- p.98 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Embedded contexts --- p.99 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- D-linking contexts --- p.102 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- wh-fronting contexts --- p.105 / Chapter 4.5 --- Summary --- p.108 / Chapter Chapter Five --- The syntactic analysis of focus intervention effects --- p.110 / Chapter 5.1 --- Inadequacies of previous proposals --- p.110 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Soh's (2005) Separation principle --- p.111 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Kim's (2006) Agree blocking analysis --- p.112 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Yang's (2008) Competition effect --- p.114 / Chapter 5.2 --- Interrogative wh-words and focus --- p.115 / Chapter 5.3 --- The syntactic mechanism of focus intervention effects --- p.117 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Proposal --- p.117 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Configurations with focus intervention effects --- p.119 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Configurations without focus intervention effects --- p.121 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Interim summary --- p.123 / Chapter 5.4 --- Alternative analysis and residual issues --- p.123 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Focus conflict --- p.123 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Residual issues --- p.126 / Chapter 5.5 --- Summary --- p.133 / Chapter Chapter Six --- Conclusion --- p.136 / Chapter 6.1 --- Summary --- p.136 / Chapter 6.2 --- Contributions of the current study --- p.138 / Chapter 6.3 --- Residual issues --- p.139 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Individual feature matching vs. feature matrix matching --- p.140 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- LF movement of contrastive focus --- p.143 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- Multiple wh-questions and LF unselective binding --- p.145 / Chapter 6.3.4 --- Focus intervention effects are not related to LF representations --- p.148 / Bibliography --- p.157

Chin Kin-Chung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 191-201). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Abbreviations and Symbols --- p.vi / Abstract (English) --- p.vii / Abstract (Chinese) --- p.viii / Chapter Chapter One --- Characteristics of Compounds: An Overview --- p.1 / Chapter 1.0 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- General Properties of Compounds --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Lexical Properties --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Phrasal Properties --- p.12 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Complexity of the Status of Compounds --- p.16 / Chapter 1.2 --- Relation between Morphology and Syntax --- p.16 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Lexicalist Approach --- p.18 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Syntactic Approach --- p.19 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Parallel Approach --- p.20 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- A Note on the Lexicon --- p.21 / Chapter 1.3 --- Research Objectives --- p.24 / Chapter 1.4 --- Summary and Organization of the Thesis --- p.29 / Chapter Chapter Two --- "Notions of Word, Compound and Phrase" --- p.31 / Chapter 2.0 --- Introduction --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1 --- Criteria of Wordhood --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2 --- Distinction between Compounds and Phrases --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Introduction --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Syntactic Aspect --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Semantic Aspect --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Morphological and Phonological Aspects --- p.48 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Summary --- p.50 / Chapter 2.3 --- The Lexical Integrity Hypothesis (LIH) --- p.52 / Chapter 2.4 --- Further Consideration on the Nature of Compound --- p.60 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Compounding and Other Combinatory Processes --- p.60 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Status of the Constituents --- p.62 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Degree of Separability --- p.64 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Definitions of Compounds --- p.66 / Chapter 2.5 --- Summary --- p.69 / Chapter Chapter Three --- Issues on Cantonese Verb-Object Compounds (VOCs) --- p.70 / Chapter 3.0 --- Introduction --- p.70 / Chapter 3.1 --- General Properties of Cantonese VOCs --- p.74 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Meaning --- p.75 / Chapter 3.1.1.1 --- Compositionality of Meaning --- p.75 / Chapter 3.1.1.2 --- Anaphoric Reference --- p.79 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Movement --- p.80 / Chapter 3.1.2.1 --- Topicalization --- p.80 / Chapter 3.1.2.2 --- Passivization --- p.83 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Separability --- p.84 / Chapter 3.1.3.1 --- Semantic Object --- p.85 / Chapter 3.1.3.2 --- Aspect Markers --- p.88 / Chapter 3.1.3.3 --- Duration and Frequency Adverbials --- p.91 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Status of the Cantonese VOCs --- p.94 / Chapter 3.2 --- Analyses of VOCs --- p.96 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- S.-F. Huang (1984) --- p.96 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- C.-T. Huang (1984) --- p.99 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Paul (1988) --- p.103 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Wang (1994) --- p.105 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Her (1997) --- p.110 / Chapter 3.3 --- Existence of Two Types of VOCs in Cantonese --- p.113 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Distinction between Lexical and Phrasal VOCs --- p.113 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Diagnostic Tests for the Lexical-Phrasal VOC Distinction --- p.117 / Chapter 3.4 --- Summary --- p.120 / Chapter Chapter Four --- Nature and Formation of Cantonese VOCs --- p.121 / Chapter 4.0 --- Introduction --- p.121 / Chapter 4.1 --- Theoretical Assumptions --- p.123 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Parallel Morphology --- p.123 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Lexical-Semantic and Lexical-Syntactic Representations --- p.134 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Lexical Syntax --- p.139 / Chapter 4.1.4 --- VP Shell --- p.141 / Chapter 4.2 --- Levels of Formation of Cantonese VOCs --- p.143 / Chapter 4.3 --- Mechanism of the Formation Processes --- p.147 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Issue of Transitivity --- p.147 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Formation of Lexical VOCs --- p.154 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Formation of Phrasal VOCs --- p.158 / Chapter 4.4 --- Phenomena in Relation to Cantonese VOCs --- p.161 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Separation of Constituents of Phrasal VOCs --- p.161 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Positions of Aspect Markers --- p.168 / Chapter 4.5 --- Summary and Theoretical Consequences --- p.172 / Chapter Chapter Five --- Concluding Remarks --- p.176 / Endnotes --- p.181 / References --- p.191

published_or_final_version / Language Studies / Master / Master of Arts

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Linguistics / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / abstract / Linguistics / Master / Master of Arts

AIM The aim of this study is to investigate the opacity of Chinese compounds in search of conceptual motivations for traditional exocentric compounds and contemporary neologisms in Chinese. METHODOLOGY This research may be characterised as an empirical investigation within the quantitative paradigm. The study contains three tasks. The design of Task 1 and Task 2 replicates the experiment concerning the classification of compound transparency which Libben, Gibson, Yoon and Sandra (2003) used to test English compounds. Task 3 is a kind of word association task that is designed following a suggestion by Gleason and Ratner (1998: 215). A sample of 95 Chinese native speakers for Task 1 & Task 2 is used. A sample of 50 Chinese native speakers for Task 3 is used. None of them has participated in either Task 1 or Task 2. FINDINGS The findings are presented with regard to the two types of compounds investigated in the study: ‘semantically free’ compounds and neologisms. In summary, ‘semantically free’ compounds may process through their constituents in the mental lexicon. Meanwhile, for some certain reasons ‘semantically free’ compounds may be recognized from the mental lexicon as whole. In the research, it found that the frequency effect is stronger than the effect of ‘semantic transparency’ in ‘semantically free’ compounds, it could mean that lexico-semantic distance (semantic freedom) is much smaller in Chinese exocentric compounds than anticipated by Scalise and Guevara (2006). Neologisms may process through their constituents in the mental lexicon. The effect of semantic transparency may be stronger than the frequency effect in neologisms when compounds are semantically transparent and their constituents’ meanings are similarity. KEY CONCEPTS Exocentric compounds, endocentric compounds, ‘semantically free’ compounds, neologisms, opaqueness, semantic transparency, frequency effect, word-superiority effect. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.