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No description available.

Thesis (B.S.)--University of Missouri, School of Mines and Metallurgy, 1899. / The entire thesis text is included in file. Typescript. Illustrated by author. Edwin T. Perkins determined to be Edwin Thompson Perkins from "Thirty-Third Annual Catalogue of the School of Mines and Metallurgy". Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed November 13, 2008)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1966. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliographical footnotes.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1986. / Vita. Bibliography: leaves [317]-336.

The extraction, separation and identification of volatile organic components of primary effluent before and after chlorination was undertaken to ascertain whether the chlorination of treatment plant effluents results in the formation of new volatile chlorinated organics. Extraction efficiencies of 70 to 90 percent of an aqueous solution of phenols were obtained by both continuous solvent extraction and sorption on a column of a macroreticular resin. Tests with primary effluent showed that the macroreticular resin recovered a slightly larger number of compounds than the solvent extractor which also suffered from emulsion problems.' Since the resin was also expedient in handling replicate samples it was adopted and further studies indicated that it had a capacity of 1.7 mg TOC/cc of resin and recoveries of the phenols were unaffected by pH or detergents. Preliminary separation of the. .components on the basis of acidity with .05'M^NaOH and diethyl ether and by thin layer chromatography on silica gel with pet ether and methanol proved to be useful. Gas chromatographic (GC) studies with various silicone liquid phases demonstrated that OV-101, 0V-17, and 0V-225 all provide good separation after optimization of temperature programs. Primary effluent samples taken from Lion's Gate Treatment Plant in North Vancouver on Monday mornings proved to be remarkably consistent in their GC 63 traces as monitored by Ni electron capture (EG) and flame ionization (FID) detectors. A series of spectacular new peaks was consistently observed by EC as a result of chlorination, but the FID showed only minor changes. Dosage levels of up to 120 mg/1 Cl₂ (NaOCl) produced similar chromatograms while a dosage of 200 mg/1 produced a new set of changes not found at the dosage levels used in treatment plants. Gas chromatographic studies with a micro- electrolytic conductivity detector showed that 10 or 11 new halogenated peaks in the neutral and basic fraction and 6 or 7 new halogenated peaks in the acidic fraction result from chlorination. These compounds all of which are in μg/l concentrations account for only 0.01 percent of the applied chlorine dosage but make up about 40 percent of the more volatile organically bound halogen present in chlorinated primary effluent. After a series of partially successful attempts by retention time, GC-MS and GC effluent trapping, a number of components were positively identified by a computerized GC-MS. TRirty-one compounds were positively identified by mass spectra and GC retention times, another 24 were tentatively identified by mass spectra and an additional seven were very tentatively identified by GC retention times. Only three of the compounds resulting from chlorination were positively identified. All compounds identified by mass spectra are present in concentrations in primary effluent. The implications of this study and suggestions for further investigations are also discussed. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Civil Engineering, Department of / Graduate

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This research evaluated and demonstrated the disinfection efficiency of an electrochemical system for total coliform removal from wastewater effluents after secondary treatment. Four bench scale batch electrochemical cells were assembled and operated in the laboratory: the first electro-disinfection reactor was set with aluminum electrodes, the second with standard 316 stainless steel electrodes, the third one with titanium electrodes, and the fourth one with a standard 316 stainless steel cathode and a titanium anode. During the electro-disinfection process the water sample was placed on the reactor/disinfector to which direct current (DC) was charged. The results showed that total coliform counts in the treated water decreased significantly and that the characteristics of the effluent were highly improved, especially when stainless steel or titanium electrodes were employed. A bactericidal efficiency of 98.7 % or higher was achieved within a contact time of less than 15 min and a current density lower than 7.5 mA/cm2 when stainless steel electrodes were used, and a contact time of less than 5 min and a current density lower than 3.5 mA/cm2 when the stainless steel/titanium cell was utilized. Electrochlorination does not seem to be the predominant disinfective means of the process. Production of other short lived and more powerful killing substances such as H2O2, [O], •OH, and •HO2 provide the strong disinfecting action of the system within a short contact time. The bactericidal efficiency of the process generally increased with the current density and contact time, and the impact of these factors was much larger than that of salinity. The results obtained suggest that this electrochemical treatment is applicable to wastewater effluents. However, further investigation on the optimum operating conditions and a detailed comparative study of energy consumption by the electrochemical treatment system and the conventional methods are needed before constructing an industrial application system in the future. It is also indispensable to find out if halogenated hydrocarbons and other toxic compounds are produced during the process.

No description available.

No description available.