Hops has been grown in Saaz region for 700 years. The first written mention about local hop garden comes from 1348, but it is certain that the hop gardens were owned by brewers and church dignitaries even earlier. First, hops was grown on the monastery grounds on a large scale. Czech, and thus Saaz hops, reached its peak in the 19th century, mainly for its fragrance, color and kontent of lupulin, and became a benchmark for determining the quality and price of hops. Kazbek is the first variety of "flavour hops" bred in the Czech Republic. Its unique sensory properties were examined with numerous brewing tests in several breweries of different sizes. Breeding of "flavour hops" is a real challenge for hop breeders. The first hop in that category, for example Citra, Amarillo, Simcoe, Bravo, were bred in the United States. Variety Kazbek was obtained by selecting progeny of the hybrid material, which has origins in Russian wild hops. It was registered in 2008 due to high stability and efficiency. Robustness and stability is expressed in the name of the variety, because Kazbek is the highest mountain of the middle Caucasus. From the brewing point of view, it belongs among the bitter types. Saaz Late variety was obtained by selecting F1 offspring of parental combination of unfinished breeding material that is the origin of Saaz. It has a charakter of late variety. Saaz Late is an aromatic variety for the second and third hopping. Aroma is genuine, fine, hoppy. The most important quality aspect of hops is alpha acids content. Content of alpha acids has been reagularly assessed since 1981. The evaluation results show, that the alpha acids kontent in varieties Saaz Late and Kazbek is proven statistically different. Selection of suitable location is the key element for cultivation of hybrid varieties. It is very important to focus on the evaluation of natural conditions of each location. This paper shows that there is no statistically significant difference between locations Stekník and Blšany. Optimal temperature for growth and subsequent yield formation should not drop below +7 °C in April, +11 °C in May and from June to August should range between +15 and +18 °C. The stability and balance of temperature is also important. Precipitation has a bigger 7 impact on yield formation than temperature. This statement was confirmed in 2015, when tropical temperatures and drought during the flowering and cone formation caused significant decrease of yield. Low yield level

The Master thesis which is called ,,The possibilities of application of selected hop varieties in the manufacturing process of beer" deals with wide issued concerning hop varieties, which are used in beer production. The thesis is focused on the varieties which are used for brewing of beer in the Czech republic and also for beer from the other provenances. In my thesis, I examine the aromatic, bitter and special hops which are grown not only in the Czech republic but also in foreign countries. In the practical part, there were brewed 8 samples of beer in total by using different hop varieties. Subsequently, there was made analytical measurements and sensory analysis of these samples.

Hop growers request new cultivar should have qualitative parameters of Saaz semi-early red-bine hop with higher yield potential. Therefore currently, there are efforts to breed new aroma cultivars. The aim of diploma thesis was to evaluate and choose new breeding aroma genotypes, which would show equal or better quality and quantity parameters than Saaz semi-early red-bine hop registered cultivar, based on production indicators, chemical and genetic analyses. Obtained data were evaluated by basic statistical characteristics, two-sided t-tests for independent selections and correlation analysis. A yield is the most important quantitative parameter, which is mainly and significantly dependent on climatic conditions. All evaluated genotypes in diploma thesis have reached higher average yields than ŽPČ cultivar, except genotype 4799. Genotype 4801 reached the highest theoretical yield (2.2 tons of dry hops) in year 2014 and genotype 4975 (1.77 tons of dry hops) in year 2015 from achieved results. A content of alpha bitter acids is the most important qualitative parameter. All aroma new breeding lines have shown parameters of fine aroma hops according to chemical analyses of hop resins. Aroma genotype 4975 showed the highest average contents of alpha and beta bitter acids, balanced ratio between alpha and beta bitter acids, the lowest contents of cohumulone and colupulone, and as well it kept a low or middle variability in all studied traits of chemical analyses of hop resins. A relative content of farnesene higher than 12% is a typical for aroma hop cultivars with ŽPČ cultivar origin. All evaluated genotypes achieved this criteria. We evaluated the relationship to Saaz semi-early red-bine hop cultivar based on genetic analyses. Genotype 4799 has been genetically the closest to ŽPČ. Brewed beers have been a same quality as beers from Saaz semi-early red-bine hop cultivar by sensory evaluation.

The aim of this thesis is to summarize the options of hop products leaded by hop extracts. The literature research focuses on chemical composition of hop, key transformation of hop bitter acids used in the brewing industry and also describes the technology of production of individual hop preparations and possibility of their application. The next part summarizes the beer production process including associated mikrobiology, which is an importand part of all stages of beer production. The experimental part describes production of six variations of beer chosen from different hop products, their chemical analysis and sensory evaluation. The results of the tests are evaluated statistically and are compared with each other at the end of the thesis.

This thesis deals with the analysis team Chmelařství Žatec, hence its subsidiary of Bohemia Hop, as The theoretical part includes information on foreign trade, exports and aid institutions that deal with this issue. The thesis is further described the common agricultural policy and the Association of Private Farming in the Czech Republic and the Association of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises and Crafts of the Czech Republic. The practical part contains an analysis of the sector to which the exportation of hops from the Czech Republic and analysis Chmelařství Žatec team and its subsidiaries. In the following chapters the practical part are formed subgroup analysis (STEP, portfolio analysis, Porter 5-forces analysis of economic indicators, Ansoff matrix strategy, SWOT analysis). The work was also carried out a questionnaire survey and structured interviews. At the end of the thesis is the recommendation for Chmelařství team Žatec.

This work concentrated on isolation of novel hop transcription factors from bHLH, bZIP, MYB, and WRKY families involved in the regulation of lupulin flavonoid pathways, followed by their structural and functional analysis. Structural analyses included bioinformatic approaches to elucidate gene organization, domain structure of the putative protein products, and potential post-translational modifications. I performed site-directed mutagenesis to disclose the role of phosphorylation sites in HlbZIP1A stability. Further, this work determined protein-DNA interactions for obtained TFs, giving support to the binding of MYB-bHLH-WDR complexes to the promoter of chalcone synthase H1, a key enzyme of the lupulin flavonoid pathways. Employing bioinformatic approaches, quantitative RT-PCR and transient co-expression, I pointed out chalcone synthase H1 as a regulatory crossroads in the metabolic (flavonoid) responses during hop stunt viroid pathogenesis.

In the 19th and 20th centuries, the Czech lands were among the largest hop-growing regions in the world. Hop products became, in the interwar period, one of the crucial agricultural export goods of the Czechoslovak economy. This study aims to draw attention to the process of emergence of cartels in this particular branch of agricultural production. It traces the attempts to organize the industry by means of cartels from their very beginning in the late 19th century until the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1938. As a point of departure, it takes the assumption shared by many theoreticians of industrial organization who argue that the given structure of the industry to some extent pre-determines the ways how the cartels emerge and the particular forms they assume. These institutions, however, might in turn reshape the structure of the industry. The analysis indicates that the cartels in the hop industry were essentially 'children of opportunity' and their emergence was rarely correlated with an economic crisis. Even though the industry gave rise also to international collusive structures, the cartels in the hop industry were essentially unstable and weak and in most cases, the attempts to create them failed. Present study challenges the belief, widely held in the scholarship on cartels in the Czech lands,...

The thesis analyses the marketing of tourism offer of the town of Žatec with a particular emphasis on its principal product -- the Temple of Hops and Beer. Its main objective is to formulate proposals of specific marketing measures for the popularization of the general tourism offer of the town of Žatec and the Temple of Hops and Beer for the last quarter of the year 2011 and 2012. After defining the main tourist industry attractions of Žatec, the thesis builts upon the SWOT analysis and 5P marketing mix. In the case of the Temple of Hops and Beer the paper presents a proposal of the marketing plan incorporating 5C marketing approach, which assesses the above-mentioned product from a broader visitor's point of view. Both approaches are adjusted to budget and public administration management rules. This thesis' conclusion will serve as an input for the tourism industry subjects in Žatec in accordance with the development strategies approved on local, regional, as well as national level.