Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2015-10-29T19:17:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Elisângela Silva Dias - 2015.pdf: 1107380 bytes, checksum: e288bc934158fa879639c403bb15ba54 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-11-03T14:30:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Elisângela Silva Dias - 2015.pdf: 1107380 bytes, checksum: e288bc934158fa879639c403bb15ba54 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-03T14:30:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Elisângela Silva Dias - 2015.pdf: 1107380 bytes, checksum: e288bc934158fa879639c403bb15ba54 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-09 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / Cluster algebras form a class of commutative algebra, introduced at the beginning of the millennium by Fomin and Zelevinsky. They are defined constructively from a set of generating variables (cluster variables) grouped into overlapping subsets (clusters) of fixed cardinality. Since its inception, the theory of cluster algebras found applications in many areas of science, specially in mathematics. In this thesis, we study, with computational focus, the recognition of cluster algebras of finite type. In 2006, Barot, Geiss and Zelevinsky showed that a cluster algebra is of finite type whether the associated graph is cyclically oriented, i.e., all chordless cycles of the graph are cyclically oriented, and whether the skew-symmetrizable matrix associated has a positive quasi-Cartan companion. At first, we studied the two topics independently. Related to the first part of the criteria, we developed an algorithm that lists all chordless cycles (polynomial on the length of those cycles) and another that checks whether a graph is cyclically oriented and, if so, list all their chordless cycles (polynomial on the number of vertices). Related to the second part of the criteria, we developed some theoretical results and we also developed a polynomial algorithm that checks whether a quasi-Cartan companion matrix is positive. The latter algorithm is used to prove that the problem of deciding whether a skew-symmetrizable matrix has a positive quasi-Cartan companion for general graphs is in NP class. We conjecture that this problem is in NP-complete class.We show that the same problem belongs to the class of polynomial problems for cyclically oriented graphs and, finally, we show that deciding whether a cluster algebra is of finite type also belongs to this class. / As álgebras cluster formam uma classe de álgebras comutativas introduzida no início do milênio por Fomin e Zelevinsky. Elas são definidas de forma construtiva a partir de um conjunto de variáveis geradoras (variáveis cluster) agrupadas em subconjuntos sobrepostos (clusters) de cardinalidade fixa. Desde a sua criação, a teoria das álgebras cluster encontrou aplicações em diversas áreas da matemática e afins. Nesta tese, estudamos, com foco computacional, o reconhecimento das álgebras cluster de tipo finito. Em 2006, Barot, Geiss e Zelevinsky mostraram que uma álgebra cluster é de tipo finito se o grafo associado é ciclicamente orientado, isto é, todos os ciclos sem corda do grafo são ciclicamente orientados, e se a matriz antissimetrizável associada possui uma companheira quase-Cartan positiva. Em um primeiro momento, estudamos os dois tópicos de forma independente. Em relação à primeira parte do critério, elaboramos um algoritmo que lista todos os ciclos sem corda (polinomial no tamanho destes ciclos) e outro que verifica se um grafo é ciclicamente orientado e, em caso positivo, lista todos os seus ciclos sem corda (polinomial na quantidade de vértices). Relacionado à segunda parte do critério, desenvolvemos alguns resultados teóricos e elaboramos um algoritmo polinomial que verifica se uma matriz companheira quase-Cartan é positiva. Este último algoritmo é utilizado para provar que o problema de decidir se uma matriz antissimetrizável tem uma companheira quase-Cartan positiva para grafos gerais está na classe NP. Conjecturamos que este problema pertence à classe NP-completa. Mostramos que o mesmo pertence à classe de problemas polinomiais para grafos ciclicamente orientados e, por fim, mostramos que decidir se uma álgebra cluster é de tipo finito também pertence a esta classe.

Given a set of n points P ⊂ R2, the Delaunay graph of P for a family of geometric objects C is a graph defined as follows: the vertex set is P and two points p, p' ∈ P are connected by an edge if and only if there exists some C ∈ C containing p, p' but no other point of P. Delaunay graph of circle is often called as Delaunay triangulation as each of its inner face is a triangle if no three points are co-linear and no four points are co-circular. The dual of the Delaunay triangulation is the Voronoi diagram, which is a well studied structure. The study of graph theoretic properties on Delaunay graphs was motivated by its application to wireless sensor networks, meshing, computer vision, computer graphics, computational geometry, height interpolation, etc. The problem of finding an optimal vertex cover on a graph is a classical NP-hard problem. In this thesis we focus on the vertex cover problem on Delaunay graphs for geometric objects like axis-parallel slabs and circles(Delaunay triangulation). 1. We consider the vertex cover problem on Delaunay graph of axis-parallel slabs. It turns out that the Delaunay graph of axis-parallel slabs has a very special property — its edge set is the union of two Hamiltonian paths. Thus, our problem reduces to solving vertex cover on the class of graphs whose edge set is simply the union of two Hamiltonian Paths. We refer to such a graph as a braid graph. Despite the appealing structure, we show that deciding k-vertex cover on braid graphs is NP-complete. This involves a rather intricate reduction from the problem of finding a vertex cover on 2-connected cubic planar graphs. 2. Having established the NP-hardness of the vertex cover problem on braid graphs, we pursue the question of improved fixed parameter algorithms on braid graphs. The best-known algorithm for vertex cover on general graphs has a running time of O(1.2738k + kn) [CKX10]. We propose a branching based fixed parameter tractable algorithm with running time O⋆(1.2637k) for graphs with maximum degree bounded by four. This improves the best known algorithm for this class, which surprisingly has been no better than the algorithm for general graphs. Note that this implies faster algorithms for the class of braid graphs (since they have maximum degree at most four). 3. A triangulation is a 2-connected plane graph in which all the faces except possibly the outer face are triangles, we often refer to such graphs as triangulated graphs. A chordless-NST is a triangulation that does not have chords or separating triangles (non-facial triangles). We focus on the computational problem of optimal vertex covers on triangulations, specifically chordless-NST. We call a triangulation Delaunay realizable if it is combinatorially equivalent to some Delaunay triangulation. Characterizations of Delaunay triangulations have been well studied in graph theory. Dillencourt and Smith [DS96] showed that chordless-NSTs are Delaunay realizable. We show that for chordless-NST, deciding the vertex cover problem is NP-complete. We prove this by giving a reduction from vertex cover on 3-connected, triangle free planar graph to an instance of vertex cover on a chordless-NST. 4. If the outer face of a triangulation is also a triangle, then it is called a maximal planar graph. We prove that the vertex cover problem is NP-complete on maximal planar graphs by reducing an instance of vertex cover on a triangulated graph to an instance of vertex cover on a maximal planar graph.