Diploma thesis is oriented on the question of the fate and occurence of mercury and its derivatives in water ecosystems. At first, deep literature review will be worked out. At second, the optimal analytical procedure for the determination of mercury alkylderivatives in water ecosystem compartments will be proposed and verified. At third, real samples from selected water ecosystems will be taken and analyzed.

Various animal or vegetable origin bio-indicators are used for the assessment of the environmental contamination. The wild animals were chosen for monitoring of xenobiotic based organohalogen compounds. The district health facility staff collected the samples of wild boars in the territory of Central Bohemia. The controlled substances were isolated from the matrix by an extraction. The extraction was made by a petrolether and then it was purified by a column chromatography. A final cleansing of the extract was made by an acid hydrolysis. The determination of the selected analytes was finished by the method of gas chromatography with an electron capture detector. The results gave us basic information about the wild boar contamination of organohalogen pollutants.

This diploma thesis is focused on the study of conditions of benzo[a]pyrene, one of the major contaminant of foods, photodegradation under different conditions (solvents with different polarity, light sources, presence of antioxidants). In another part of the thesis, the degradation process of benzo[a]pyrene at various concentrations was studied, in order to characterise the kinetic aspects of photoinduced degradation. The attempt to identify the products of benzo[a]pyrene photodegradation was performed involving methods of gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass detectors, as well.

The master’s thesis was focused on the determination of persistent organic pollutants, namely polychlorinated biphenyls were detected (PCB 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 and 180) and organochlorine pesticides. A total of 31 were evaluated contamination of organochlorine compounds. The level of contamination by organic pollutants were detected in 20 samples, 9 samples were sediments from the river Jevišovka, which is located in the South Moravia and 11 samples represented arable soil samples and were collected in the vicinity of this river. In the theoretical part are characterized both groups of substances, their fate in the environment and negative effects on living organisms. The experimental part focuses on the sampling procedures and processing for analysis by gas chromatography. There is described a complex analytical process involving the three extraction methods (accelerated solvent extraction, microwave extraction and ultrasonic extraction), extract purification and self-determination by gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC / ECD). In the samples of sediment were detected these PCB congeners (138, 153 and 180) and organochlorine pesticides (b-HCH, HCB, p,p’-DDE, p,p’-DDD, p,p’-DDT and o,p’-DDT).. In soil samples were detected PCB congener 28 and organochlorine pesticides (HCB, b-HCH, heptachlor, aldrin, dieldrin, p,p’-DDE, p,p’-DDD, p,p’-DDT and o,p’-DDT).

Diploma thesis deals with the assessment of volatile organic compounds contamination of selected working environment in Gumotex, joint stock company using passive sampling. The theoretical part contains description of these compounds and their reactions in the atmosphere, practical use of these substances and their effect on human health. The possibilities of passive sampling and determination of these substances are described as well. The experimental part contains analysis of volatile organic compounds at two selected workplaces in Gumotex, joint stock company using passive samplers Radiello. Final determination by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector was preceded by adsorption surface extraction of sampler with carbon disulfide. In conclusion, obtained data are compared with the permissible exposure limits and maximum allowable concentrations, which are defined by the National Health Institute.

This diploma thesis is concerned with determination anthocyanins dyes in elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.). In theoretical part there is described general characterization of the plant, its chemical composition, short view of elderberry breeding and possibilities of usage in food and medical industry. Bigger attention is paid to anthocyanins dyes. There is described their characterization, occurrence, factors that have an impact on their stability. Biosynhesis of the pigments and metabolism, benefit effects and their usage in food chemistry are then shortly sumarized. Methods of determination of anthocyanins are discused too. Next chapter deals with high performance liquid chromatography. At the end of theoretical part, there is sumarized findings of anthocyan dyes analysis by expert scientists in various matrix. In experimental part, total of 16 species of elderberry were analyzed. These species are from research and breeding institute of pomology in Holovousy. The dyes were identification and quantification by high performace liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector. Detection wavelenght was 520 nm. Gradient of mobile phase was optimilized because of shortening analyses time and resolution improvement. Four dyes were identified by HPLC: cyanidin-3-sambubioside, cyanidin-3-glukoside, cyanidin-3,5-diglukoside a cyanidin-3-sambubioside-5-glukoside. Total amount of anthocyanins ranged from 33627167,0 to 5525284,0 mAU•min-1. The most anthocyanins dyes were determined in Mammut species (33627167,0 mAU•min-1), the lowest amount was measured in Aurea species (5525284,0 mAU•min-1). The most abundant anthocyanin in all species of eldeberry fruit except Haschebrg and Aurea species was cyanidin-3-sambubioside. The concentrations of cynidin-3-glucoside in all of the berries were quantified using regression equation of calibration curve. Mammut species had the most amount of this anthocyan (0,486 mg•ml-1) and the lowest amount had Aurea species (0,033 mg•ml-1).

Pesticides and their excessive use lead to environmental pollution. Violation of the guidelines for their use disposal of empty containers could lead to contamination of water, soil and poisoning of animals and beneficial insects. Honey bee is useful creature on our planet. Good farming depends entirely on the pollination, but whole vegetal kingdom couldn’t exist it form known and used by mankind. Therefore, rules that protect these useful creatures against inadequate use of pesticides have been developed. This study focuses on the evaluation of the possibility to use bee products as bioindicators of the state of environment. Five active substances which are components of pesticides used in the treatment of agricultural field around Tasovice village were analysed in the pollen and honey. For sample preparation QuEChERS and SPE methods were used, gas chromatography with to mass spectrometric detection was employed as final analytical technique.

The submitted thesis deals with determination of selected pesticides in water samples by gas chromatography. The target pesticides belong to the group of organophosphates (chlorpyrifos, diazinon, parathion, dimethoate, phosmet) and carbamates (carbofuran, aldicarb, methiocarb, pirimicarb, and propamocarb). In the theoretical part, the division of pesticides is stated, and their properties are described, as well as their fate in the environment and their negative effects. Then, the possibilities of analytical determination based on gas chromatography are characterized. The experimental part describes the treatment of the samples and their subsequent analysis. Solid phase extraction was chosen as the extraction technique. Two kinds of cartridges were optimized (Oasis HLB and Supelclean ENVI-18) in combination with various elution reagents. The most suitable combination was then used for processing of real samples of waste-water, which was taken from WWTP in Brno Modřice. For the final determination of the target compounds by gas chromatography, two types of detectors were used: mass spectrometer and an electron capture detector.

Diploma thesis deals with the new varieties of gooseberries. The theoretical part characterizes gooseberry from a biological point of view, what is the content of healthful nutrients and states food technology aspects. Furthermore, the theoretical part deals with the main parameters examined nutrition: vitamin C, anthokyanům and antioxidant activity. In the experimental part was measured both weight solids content and soluble solids. Vitamin C was measured by HPLC, anthocyanins using a pH differential method and for antioxidant activity determination was selected method by Kanedy known also as DPPH.

Synthetic musk compounds are artificial organic compounds with a smell similar to the odor of a natural musk. The most recently discovered and also the least known group of artificial musks is linear musk compounds. These substances are now often used in cosmetics, personal care products, detergents and various cleaning products. They have leaked into all the major environment components, especially into the hydrosphere. There has been great attention drawn to synthetic musk compounds in the last few years because of their environmental impact. The aim of this thesis is to identify twelve linear musk compounds (linalool, 2-cyclohexylethanol, fresco menthe, citronellol, HSA, isobornyl acetate, arocet, aroflorone, allyl cyclohexyl propionate, lilial, isoamyl salicylate and hexylcinnamic aldehyde) in waste water samples. The samples were taken at three different waste water treatment plants (WWTP) in South Moravian region (WWTP Brno-Modřice, WWTP Luhačovice and WWTP Hodonín). Each of these treatment plants has a different equivalent number of inhabitants. At first, a working method was optimized, then applied on real waste water samples. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique was used for the extraction of analytes. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was then used for identification and quantificaton of the studied compounds.