Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2004. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 34-38).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2003. / Supervisor: Makkuni Jayaram. Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also available from UMI.

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Almost a decade ago, Breuer and Pavan (1955) reported for the first time that during larval growth DNA synthesis proceeds disproportionately along polytene chromosomes of Rhynochosciara (R. angelae). In such chromosomes, treated by Feulgen reaction, the intensity of stain appeared heavier at the points where the bulbs were formed, thus indicating localized accumulation of DNA molecules. [...]

A cytogenetic study of the effects of 15 pesticides (herbicides: Alanap-3, Atrazine, Banvel D, Cytrol, Embutox E, Hyvar X, Lorox, Monuron, Simazine; insecticides: Endrin, Phosphamidon, Sevin; insect chemosterilants: ENT-50612, Metepa; fungicide: Botran) has been carried out with Hordeum vulgare and Vicia faba. [...]

Endurance exercise capacity is a powerful predictor of health status. Having low levels of endurance exercise capacity has been linked with cardiovascular disease. Variation in endurance exercise capacity, measured during a graded exercise test, has been reported across cross-section, twin, and family studies. This variation is evidence of a genetic component to the phenotype of endurance exercise capacity: however, the genetic factors responsible for explaining this variation are undefined, in part because previous research has been performed on a limited scale. Therefore, three sets of experiments were designed to identify: 1) Novel quantitative trait loci (QTL) for endurance exercise capacity in 34 strains of inbred mice using genome-wide association mapping. 2) The effect of chromosome substitution on endurance exercise capacity using linkage analysis in F2 mice. 3) The effect of chromosome substitution on endurance exercise capacity using wild-derived mice. The main findings of this dissertation are: 1) There are strain-specific differences in endurance exercise capacity across 34 strains of male inbred mice. Genome-wide association mapping identified novel putative QTL on chromosomes 2, 7, 11, and 13. 2) Linkage analysis identified a novel QTL on chromosome 14 at the 56 cM position for run time and work. Linkage analysis also identified a potential sex-specific QTL, with the identified QTL significant for male mice only. 3) Novel putative QTL were identified on chromosomes 3 and 14 in chromosome substitution mice from wild-derived mice. These data suggest that chromosome 14 is an important contributor to the genetic regulation of intrinsic endurance exercise capacity. These studies support a genetic component to endurance exercise capacity by identifying strain-specific differences and novel, putative QTL.

No description available.

The centromere is an important region of the chromosome which ensures correct segregation at cell division. The DNA sequences which make up human centromeres are poorly understood. An analysis of the human Y chromosome centromere DNA has therefore been undertaken. The structures of 23 yeast artificial chromosomes (YAC) clones and 4 cosmid clones have been determined and these have contributed to a map of ~7Mb of DNA which span the centromere. The centromeric region of the human Y chromosome contains a single major block of tandemly repeating alphoid DNA which is variable in size. The 5.7kb alphoid subunits are all orientated in one direction and become diverged at the edges of the array. Flanking the alphoid DNA are small blocks of other known tandemly repeated sequences, the 5bp, 48bp and 68bp satellites. These satellites are arranged in an asymmetric manner and are interspersed with a range of low to moderate copy number repeats. Only one putative single copy sequence has been detected. Nearby lie two regions of X-Y homology: a more proximal region which contains a gene (amelogenin) and a more distal region which has previously been shown to result from a recent X-Y transposition event. These results show that the centromeric region of the human Y chromosome is a complex mosaic of tandem repeats and other repeats. Furthermore, they provide a detailed map of the region and thus provide a solid basis for functional studies of candidate centromere determining sequences.