Abstract The thesis examines the role of a nurse in prevention and treatment of recurrent and chronic rhinitis and possible complications in children. Rhinitis belongs to the most frequent diseases with chronic course in the group of children and adolescents. The number of affected people, particularly among children living in towns and cities is still rising, so sufficient and suitable education of children and parents provided by nurses is very important. Four goals were set in this thesis. The first goal was to examine the role of a nurse in prevention of recurrent and chronic rhinitis. The second goal was to examine the role of a nurse in treatment of recurrent and chronic rhinitis. The third goal focused on examination of the complications nurses most frequently face. The fourth goal was to elaborate an educational standard for nurses working at paediatric wards of hospitals and in surgeries of practitioners for children and adolescents. Three hypotheses were linked to the goals. The first hypothesis assumed that nurses educated parents in prevention of recurrent and chronic rhinitis. The second hypothesis asked whether nurses educated parents and children in treatment and possible complications of recurrent and chronic rhinitis. The third hypothesis said that otitis media, sinusitis and conjunctivitis were the most frequent complications of recurrent and chronic rhinitis. Quantitative research performed by the questionnaire method was used to achieve the goals. An anonymous questionnaire was designed for nurses and parents. The questionnaire for nurses and parents contained 24 questions. 70 questionnaires were distributed among nurses from paediatric wards and 50 returned. The return was 71 %. 60 questionnaires were distributed among nurses in surgeries of practitioners for children and adolescents, 40 returned. The return was 66 %. 50 questionnaires were distributed among parents and 30 returned. The return was 60 %. The data collection was performed in March 2011. The research results showed that most of the nurses educate parents in prevention and treatment of recurrent and chronic rhinitis. The parents confirm the benefit of the education. They consider a talk with a nurse in a surgery the most suitable education form. Education by a nurse has strong influence on parents and children suffering from recurrent and chronic rhinitis. A nurse helps them learn and understand the disease, teaches them how to find a new lifestyle, informs them about prevention and provides information on treatment. We also found that no educational standard dealing with care about children suffering from recurrent and chronic rhinitis existed. We have elaborated the standard and provided it to nurses in surgeries of practitioners for children and adolescents and paediatric wards.

This paper examines the influence of air pollution on humans. Suggesting the possible consequences of each action of air pollutants on human health but also the possible economic impacts of air pollution. It primarily exploers the effects of concentration of suspended particulate matter (PM10) on the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The response variable in the regression model serves to determine the effect of PM10 on the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was a percentage share of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among the clients of the General Health Insurance Company in individual regions of the Czech Republic. Explanatory variables were the mean annual concentration of PM10 and gross added value per capita. The model suggests that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the Czech Republic and PM10 concentrations.

The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes general information about the human TP53 gene and p53 protein, which is encoded by this gene. There is also dealt with the transcriptional variants - p53 isoforms. The experimental part is focused on the detection of isoform p53 and its shorter, yet undescribed form. The starting material is peripheral blood of patients from University Hospital Brno, from which RNA was isolated. Subsequently, RNA was transcribed by reverse transcription into cDNA which was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Experimental measurements demonstrate that p53 occurs in all the B-lymphocytes of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It also demonstrats the existence of a shorter form of p53.

Cardiovascular diseases, particularly acute myocardial infarction, are one of the leading causes of death in developed countries. It is well known that adaptation to chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IHH) confers long-lasting cardiac protection against acute ischemia/reperfusion injury. Protein kinase C (PKC) appears to play a role in its cardioprotective mechanism since the administration of general PKC inhibitor completely abolished the improvement of ischemic tolerance in IHH hearts. However, the involvement of individual PKC isoforms remains unclear. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to investigate the potential involvement of PKCδ and PKCε, the most prevalent PKC isoforms in rat heart, in the mechanism of IHH-induced cardioprotection. We showed that IHH up- regulated PKCδ protein in left ventricle, enhanced its phosphorylation on Ser643 and increased its co-localization with markers of mitochondrial and sarcolemmal membranes. PKCδ subcellular redistribution induced by IHH as well as the infarct size-limiting effect of IHH was reversed by acute treatment with PKCδ inhibitor rottlerin. These data support the view that PKCδ plays a significant role in IHH-induced cardioprotection. On the other hand, adaptation to IHH decreased the PKCε total protein level without affecting its...

The goal of this thesis was to discover the influence of adaptation to chronic hypoxia on ischemic tolerance of heart - this experiment was carried out on two different hypertension kinds of laboratory rats. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and rats from a conplastic strain SHR/OlaIpcv-mtBN/Crl , whose mitochondrial genome of the SHR strain was replaced with a mitochondrial genome of the normotensive strain Brown Norway, were exposed to continuous normobaric hypoxia (10% O2) for a period of 3 weeks. On the other hand, the control group of rats was kept in normoxia. At the end of the adaptation period, the ischemic tolerance of heart and the mitochondrial aconitase expression were examined. In the case of both hypertensive strains, the chronic hypoxia led to a significant drop in the size of a myocardial infarction and also to a drop in the number of reperfusion arrhythmias. In the case of the SHR strain, the incidence of ischemic arrhythmias decreased. Chronic hypoxia had no impact on the aconitase expression for both analysed strains. This thesis showed that the ischemic tolerance of heart can be enhanced in the case of the SHR strain. On the other hand, the mitochondrial genome of the SHR strain does not seem to play any significant role in protection mechanism. Key words: chronic hypoxia,...

Background Epidural fibrosis (EF) is defined as nonphysiological scar formation, usually at the site of neurosurgical access into the spinal canal, in intimate vicinity to and around the origin of the radicular sheath. From the very onset, EF behaves as a reparative inflammation causing, as a rule, symptoms of characteristic nature and clinical course (pain). Treatment of epidural fibrosis causing failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) by neuromadulation technique is very expensive. Finding of suitable parameters for the indication of treatment is therefore very important. Aims The study is based on evidence of the importance of epidural fibrosis for the development of chronic pain. Research is also focused on the comparison of the range fibrosis and the effect of stimulation (spinal cord stimulation - SCS). The goal is to find a suitable selection factor for the indication of neuromodulation. Methods I. A double-blind prospective study was conducted to investigate a cohort of 200 patients requiring surgical treatment for intervertebral disc hernia (hernia disci intervertebralis). The patients were randomly and blindly divided into 2 groups, one on peroperatively applied local doses of a mixture containing corticosteroids, the other without such medication. All the requirements of a double-blind...

We are still unable to effectively suppress neuropathic pain, therefore it remains a serious problem. Ghrelin, the orexigenic hormone released by enteroendocrine stomach cells, could contribute to alleviation of the neuropathic pain by its antinociceptive effect. Previous studies have shown that ghrelin prevents development of nociceptive symptoms of neuropathic pain. The aim of our study was to determine whether chronic administration of ghrelin will affect the already fully developed neuropathic pain and differentiate its antinociceptive and analgesic effect. We used a model of chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve. We have proven that ghrelin suppressed the already developed thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia, so ghrelin not only prevents the development, but also suppresses the already developed nociceptive symptoms. However analgesia test showed that ghrelin did not affect the temperature preference, neither did induce the place preference. We suppose that ghrelin does not cause analgesia in neuropathic pain and its antinociceptive effect could be caused by anti- inflammatory or neuroprotective action. Key words: Ghrelin, neuropathic pain, chronic constriction injury, preference methods

This thesis aims to assess whether the level of the physical condition of patients before lung transplantation affects the length of hospitalization after transplantation. The study includes patients over 18 years of age with both unilateral and bilateral lung transplantation who underwent hospitalization between 2016 and 2018 and underwent a six-minute walk test in the preoperative examination. Data were collected at the 3rd Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital and at the Department of Pneumology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital. The results partially confirmed the correlation between hospitalization and physical condition in some patient groups. Thus, the higher the level of fitness in patients before lung transplantation, the shorter the hospitalization period. The length of hospitalization is influenced not only by the condition of the patient before surgery but also by other significant preoperative, perioperative and postoperative factors that are not related to the condition. For this reason, there is generally no clear correlation between the length of hospitalization and physical condition. Preoperative condition improvement is desirable in lung transplant candidates...

Background Epidural fibrosis (EF) is defined as nonphysiological scar formation, usually at the site of neurosurgical access into the spinal canal, in intimate vicinity to and around the origin of the radicular sheath. From the very onset, EF behaves as a reparative inflammation causing, as a rule, symptoms of characteristic nature and clinical course (pain). Treatment of epidural fibrosis causing failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) by neuromadulation technique is very expensive. Finding of suitable parameters for the indication of treatment is therefore very important. Aims The study is based on evidence of the importance of epidural fibrosis for the development of chronic pain. Research is also focused on the comparison of the range fibrosis and the effect of stimulation (spinal cord stimulation - SCS). The goal is to find a suitable selection factor for the indication of neuromodulation. Methods I. A double-blind prospective study was conducted to investigate a cohort of 200 patients requiring surgical treatment for intervertebral disc hernia (hernia disci intervertebralis). The patients were randomly and blindly divided into 2 groups, one on peroperatively applied local doses of a mixture containing corticosteroids, the other without such medication. All the requirements of a double-blind...

Chronic pancreatitis is considered a risk factor for pancreatic cancer. An exact mechanism how chronic inflammation of the pancreas leads to pancreatic cancer is not yet understood; the possibility of a shared genetic predisposition for both diseases is also assumed. A similar association in patients with AIP has not yet been demonstrated. The aim of our work was to expand the knowledge about relationship between chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. We studied the association of the diseases in two synchronous projects. In the first one, we examined the occurrence of pancreatic cancer in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis. In the second project, we investigated the presence of genetics variants associated with chronic pancreatitis in patients with pancreatic cancer. In the retrospective study of our cohort of patients, we were one of the very first in the world to show occurrence of pancreatic cancer in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis, and as the only one, we have defined the characteristics of such patients. To assess the association of the diseases, we performed a systematic review where we identified all reported cases of coincidence of pancreatic cancer and autoimmune pancreatitis; the incidence of cancer in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis was similar to that of patients...