Este trabalho cria um diálogo entre dois movimentos literários de vanguarda surgidos nos anos vinte do século passado no Peru e no Brasil: por um lado, a vanguarda indigenista de Puno dirigida por Gamaliel Churata, que afirmava tanto sua identidade regional e étnica, como os procedimentos vanguardistas empregados para expressá-la; e, por outro lado, seu contemporâneo brasileiro, a Antropofagia de Oswald de Andrade, que desde a metrópole paulista reunia elementos semelhantes (o indígena e o impulso vanguardista) com distintos propósitos. A tese pretende refletir sobre a imagem do indígena elaborada por ambos os movimentos nas revistas Boletín Titikaka e Revista de Antropofagia e que está subjacente em El pez de oro de Churata e em Serafim Ponte Grande de Andrade; esta imagem foi usada como plataforma simbólica a partir da qual enfrentar as configurações históricas, literárias e sociais hegemônicas, e elaborar um projeto de modernidade nacional. Os limites e aporias de ambos os programas, que falavam através de uma voz emprestada e ausente, não ressaltados com a intenção de mostrar as contradições da sociedade em que foram gestados. / The present work creates a dialogue between two literary avant-garde movementes that emerged in the twenties of last century in Peru and Brazil: on the one hand, the avant-garde\'s indigenismo of Puno directed by Gamaliel Churata, that claimed both their regional and ethnic identity, as the procedures avant-garde use to express it; and, on the other hand, his Brazilian contemporary, the Oswald de Andrade\'s Anthropophagy, who from the São Paulo metropolis brought together similar elements (the indigenous and the avant-garde impulse) with different intentions. The thesis intends to discuss the indigenous\'s picture drawn by both movements in the journals Boletín Titikaka and Revista de Antropofagia and present in El pez de oro by Churata and Serafim Ponte Grande by Andrade; this image was used as a symbolic platform which deal with historical, literary and perplexities of both programs, which spoke through an absent voise, are underlined with the intention of showing the contradictions of their society.

Este trabalho cria um diálogo entre dois movimentos literários de vanguarda surgidos nos anos vinte do século passado no Peru e no Brasil: por um lado, a vanguarda indigenista de Puno dirigida por Gamaliel Churata, que afirmava tanto sua identidade regional e étnica, como os procedimentos vanguardistas empregados para expressá-la; e, por outro lado, seu contemporâneo brasileiro, a Antropofagia de Oswald de Andrade, que desde a metrópole paulista reunia elementos semelhantes (o indígena e o impulso vanguardista) com distintos propósitos. A tese pretende refletir sobre a imagem do indígena elaborada por ambos os movimentos nas revistas Boletín Titikaka e Revista de Antropofagia e que está subjacente em El pez de oro de Churata e em Serafim Ponte Grande de Andrade; esta imagem foi usada como plataforma simbólica a partir da qual enfrentar as configurações históricas, literárias e sociais hegemônicas, e elaborar um projeto de modernidade nacional. Os limites e aporias de ambos os programas, que falavam através de uma voz emprestada e ausente, não ressaltados com a intenção de mostrar as contradições da sociedade em que foram gestados. / The present work creates a dialogue between two literary avant-garde movementes that emerged in the twenties of last century in Peru and Brazil: on the one hand, the avant-garde\'s indigenismo of Puno directed by Gamaliel Churata, that claimed both their regional and ethnic identity, as the procedures avant-garde use to express it; and, on the other hand, his Brazilian contemporary, the Oswald de Andrade\'s Anthropophagy, who from the São Paulo metropolis brought together similar elements (the indigenous and the avant-garde impulse) with different intentions. The thesis intends to discuss the indigenous\'s picture drawn by both movements in the journals Boletín Titikaka and Revista de Antropofagia and present in El pez de oro by Churata and Serafim Ponte Grande by Andrade; this image was used as a symbolic platform which deal with historical, literary and perplexities of both programs, which spoke through an absent voise, are underlined with the intention of showing the contradictions of their society.

This thesis explores the possible creation of a new categorization of American Literature as presented in the Andean novel El pez de oro: Retablos del Laykhakuy (1957) by Gamaliel Churata. In El pez de oro, Gamaliel Churata presents a strategy for the recuperation of native Andean cultural agency that enables the Andean subject to reclaim traces of their ancestral past under more verisimilar and verifiable terms. Churata argues that through a recuperation of native language and its infusion into the body of the major colonial language, Spanish, the Andean subject is equipped with a new culture producing tool that enables the recuperation of language, agency, history, and, ultimately, representation and inclusion within cultural and political institutional frameworks. By introducing his own function of bilingualism, vernacular language, and mythological infusions into the body of colonial letters, Gamaliel Churata is able to destabilize and disrupt colonial historical and textual authority to the point where the invented concept of America and the colonial product of American identity can be re-examined. Through this examination emerges a new option for the categorization of American identity as an aesthetic construct. Within this new categorization of aesthetic American identity, the Andean subject can begin his own process of self-identification through his native language toward the production of a future Andean American subject.