Inaug.-diss.--Halle-Wittenberg. / Lebenslauf. "Literatur": p. 136-139.

La mayoría de personas recurren al consumo de cigarrillos en búsqueda de placer y relajo para calmar la ansiedad. Es conocido que estos cigarrillos convencionales contienen aditivos químicos que agravan la salud de las personas. En el siguiente trabajo de investigación, se evaluó la implementación de un cigarrillo sin aditivos químicos hecho de la planta del mapacho, producto que es consumido en la selva peruana, que pueda ofrecer la misma experiencia que tiene una persona al consumir uno que si los tiene. Se presentará el modelo de negocio final del proyecto y las validaciones que se realizaron para cada cuadrante. Se realizaron diferentes experimentos con personas que consumían cigarrillos comerciales para validar si el producto era aceptado. Asimismo, nos dimos cuenta que el sabor menta era solicitado cuando ofrecíamos el producto en los experimentos por lo cual decidimos ofrecer este nuevo sabor. Luego de validaciones y experimentos realizados, se obtuvo un empaque final con dos presentaciones de cigarrillos: tradicional y menta. Las ventas de los productos finales se realizaron mediante la plataforma de Facebook y de manera directa con las personas que ya conocían el producto. Finalmente, a raíz de las ventas y los gastos realizados, se desarrolló los planes y las proyecciones a tres años de los presupuestos de las áreas de operaciones, recursos humanos, marketing, responsabilidad social empresarial y finanzas. / Most people recur to the consumption of cigarettes in search of pleasure and relaxation to calm the anxiety. It is known that these conventional cigarettes contain chemical additives that aggravate the health of people. In the following research work, the implementation of a cigarette without chemical additives made of the mapacho plant was evaluated, a product that is consumed in the Peruvian jungle, which can offer the same experience that a person has with a conventional cigarette. The final business model of the project and the validations that were made for each quadrant will be presented. Different experiments were carried out with people who smoke commercial cigarettes to validate if the product was accepted. Also, we realized that the mint flavor was requested when we offered the product in the experiments for which we decided to offer this new flavor. After validations and experiments, a final packaging was obtained with two presentations of cigarettes: traditional and mint. The sales of the final products were made through Facebook and directly with the people who already knew about the product. Finally, as a result of sales and expenses, plans and three-year projections of the budgets of the areas of operations, human resources, marketing, corporate social responsibility and finance were developed. / Trabajo de investigación

Thesis (PH. D)--University of Pennsylvania, 1933. / Published also without thesis note under title: The cigar manufacturing industry. Includes bibliographical references (p. 116-119).

Canada accounts for 15% of the world’s uranium production (World Nuclear Association). The Athabasca Basin in northern Saskatchewan Canada contains a number of high grade, uranium ore deposits which occur at, or immediately below, an unconformity between Archean and Paleoproterozoic metasediments and intrusive rocks and overlying Proterozoic sandstones. The uranium ores are largely composed of high concentrations of uraninite and Pitchblende with naturally occurring 238U/235U ratios. U- 236 (half-life of 23.42 Myr) will be produced when 235U absorbs a neutron and the nucleus does not fission. Because it is so long lived, a small amount 236U can be maintained at equilibrium levels in the natural uranium ores. One of the main questions of this research is whether or not these equilibrium levels reflect higher grades or larger amounts of uranium minerals as a result of elevated neutron fluxes from 238U and subsequent neutron absorption on 235U. As well, are there other elements within the system that will absorb these neutrons, thereby reducing that which will impinge on 235U. In this study, we have estimated the amount of 236U that is produced by calculating the neutron flux from uranium and evaluating the effects of spatially related elements such as B, Sm and Gd using their elemental neutron cross- sections and abundances. In this project we have calculated and simulated theoretically the production of 236U and then test the theoretical calculations using measurements of uranium isotopes by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Once we understand the factors controlling the 236U concentration, we hypothesize that the relationship between 236U and 238U can be used as a geochemical vector within uranium exploration, with the equilibrium level possibly distinguishing between primary mineralization and remobilization and reprecipitation of this U within spatially associated secondary U mineralization.

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared hookah smoking to be a significant public health problem. According to Martinasek et al. the increase in the number of hookah smokers is due to lack of education and public awareness, there is a general impression that hookah is a safe alternative to cigarettes. (Martinasek et al., 2011). On the other hand, hookah is affordable and has appealing flavor. The US Food and Drug Administration does not regulate hookah and there is a lack of regulation in packet labeling (Martinasek et al., 2011). Hookah smoking and cigarette smoking produces the exact same toxic chemicals and carcinogens (Martinasek et al., 2011). The US Environmental Protection Agency claims that hookah smoking releases secondhand smoke which contains cancer causing agents (Martinasek et al., 2011). Overall, hookah smoking is increasing rapidly among youth due to social acceptance, low cost, appealing flavors, lack of regulatory policies and incorrect harm perception. Therefore, I propose a study that will aim to answer the following research questions: 1) What are the socio-demographic characteristics of middle school and high school students who have awareness of hookah? 2) What are the characteristics of middle school and high school students who report hookah is less harmful than cigarettes? 3) Does awareness of hookah, harm perception of hookah, ever user and current user of hookah differ by living with hookah users? 4) How does harm perception of hookah correlate with use of hookah among US youth? I hypothesize that American youth who perceive hookah as less harmful than cigarettes will more likely be users of hookah as compared to youth who perceive these products are more harmful. Methods: The secondary data analysis was conducted using the data from the 2013 National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS). The study population was middle and high school students. The independent variables of interest were students who were current users of hookah, had ever used hookah, as well as those aware of hookah smoking. The dependent variable was harm perception of hookah smoking. A weighting factor was adjusted in the survey to get a weighted proportion of students in each grade to match with the national population. The prevalence of current and ever users of hookah, as well as those aware of hookah among middle school and high school students, was examined. The frequency of high school and middle school students who are living with hookah users, and those who were not evaluated. The association of harm perception of hookah among current and ever users, as well as those aware of hookah smoking adjusted by those who are living with hookah users was assessed. Data was analyzed in SAS 9.3 to examine the association between the independent and dependent variables. Frequency, logistic regression and a chi-square tests were used to find the odds ratio and p-value between the dependent and independent variables. Results: Association of harm perception of hookah among current users of hookah, ever users, as well as those aware of hookah smoking, reported that 55.64% of current users of hookah (Adjusted OR = 4.99, CI: 3.78-6.59), 43.80% of ever users of hookah (Adjusted OR = 4.96, CI: 4.02-6.13) and 21.50% of those who were aware of hookah smoking (Adjusted OR = 3.20, CI: 2.82-3.91) believed that hookah smoking is less harmful than cigarette smoking in both middle and high school. Participants who were current users of cigar smoking i.e.26.57% (crude OR = 2.80 CI: 2.45-3.20), Adjusted OR = 1.18, CI: 0.96-1.45)) as well as ever users of cigar smoking i.e. 24.76% (crude OR= 3.18, CI: 2.78-3.65), adjusted OR = 2.24, CI: 1.85-2.71)) believe hookah smoking is less harmful than cigarette smoking compared to individuals who were not current as well as ever users of cigar smoking. There was no significant difference between odds of male and female in believing that hookah smoking is less harmful than cigarette smoking. Discussion: Overall these results suggest that students who were associated with hookah usage believe that hookah smoking is less harmful than cigarette smoking. Moreover, students who were ever users of cigar smoking had 2.24 odds of believing that hookah smoking is less harmful than cigarette smoking compared to individuals who were not ever users of cigar smoking. Conclusion: Therefore, American youth who perceive hookah as less harmful than cigarettes will more likely be users of hookah as compared to youth who perceive these products are more harmful

Investigamos o sistema formado por dois condensados aprisionados em estados hiperfinos diferentes do Rubídio, num potencial em forma de charuto, ou seja, num sistema físico real e quase-unidimensional. É investigada a dependência das soluções das equações de Gross-Pitaevski com a separação entre as armadilhas, bem como com o parâmetro de acoplamento de Josephson, para três valores diferentes do número total de átomos aprisionados. Para alguns conjuntos de parâmetros constatamos a existência de estados metaestáveis. O observável que escolhemos para caracterizar tal sistema físico foi a separação média entre os pacotes, pois os dois ramos de soluções encontramos correspondem a soluções mais juntas ou mais separadas espacialmente. / We study the system formed by two coupled condensates of different Rubidium hyperfine states trapped in a cigar shaped potential, that is, a real quasi one-dimensional system. The dependency of the solution of the Gross-Pitaevski equations is investigated as a function of trap displacement and Josephson coupling parameter for three different values of the total trapped atoms number. For some sets of parameters we report the existence of metastable states. The observable we chose to characterize this system was the mean separation between the packages, because we found two branches which correspond to closer or more separated solutions.

Investigamos o sistema formado por dois condensados aprisionados em estados hiperfinos diferentes do Rubídio, num potencial em forma de charuto, ou seja, num sistema físico real e quase-unidimensional. É investigada a dependência das soluções das equações de Gross-Pitaevski com a separação entre as armadilhas, bem como com o parâmetro de acoplamento de Josephson, para três valores diferentes do número total de átomos aprisionados. Para alguns conjuntos de parâmetros constatamos a existência de estados metaestáveis. O observável que escolhemos para caracterizar tal sistema físico foi a separação média entre os pacotes, pois os dois ramos de soluções encontramos correspondem a soluções mais juntas ou mais separadas espacialmente. / We study the system formed by two coupled condensates of different Rubidium hyperfine states trapped in a cigar shaped potential, that is, a real quasi one-dimensional system. The dependency of the solution of the Gross-Pitaevski equations is investigated as a function of trap displacement and Josephson coupling parameter for three different values of the total trapped atoms number. For some sets of parameters we report the existence of metastable states. The observable we chose to characterize this system was the mean separation between the packages, because we found two branches which correspond to closer or more separated solutions.

Since the development of interactive music software in the 1980s, a new genre of works for clarinet and computer has emerged. The rapid proliferation of interactive music resulted in a great deal of experimentation, creating a lack of standardization in both the composition and performance of this repertoire. In addition, many performers are reluctant to approach these works due to unfamiliarity with the genre and its technical and musical considerations. Performance practice commonly refers to interpretation of a written score, but the technology involved in interactive music requires a broader definition of performance practice; one that also addresses computer software, coordination between the performer and computer system, and technology such as microphones and pedals. The problems and potential solutions of interactive music performance practice are explored in this paper through review of the relevant published literature, interviews with experts in the field, and examination of musical examples from works for clarinet and computer by Lippe, May, Pinkston, Rowe, and Welch. Performance practice considerations of interactive music fall into the categories of notation, technology, collaboration, interpretation, and rehearsal. From the interviews and the literature, it is clear that the performance of interactive music requires specific knowledge and skills that performers may not encounter in other genres of contemporary music, including microphone technique, spatialization, sound processing, and improvisation. Performance practice issues are often mediated by close collaboration between performers and composers, but they can inhibit the accessibility of these works to new performers, and may be detrimental to the long-term viability of interactive music. Recommendations for resolving these issues are directed at both composers and performers of interactive music. A listing of over one hundred interactive works for clarinet and computer is also included.