The study is focused on the evaluation of crayfish physiological reaction on hygienically treated water with chlorine dioxide (ClO2). A patented non-invasive monitoring system was used for observation of crayfish cardiac and locomotor activity. Monitoring was conducted from February to August 2017 under conditions of private commercial enterprise "Pivovar Protivín" in Czech Republic. Adult individuals of signal crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus, were kept separately in water-flow aquariums directly after the water treatment device producing ClO2 in concentration from 0.01 to 0.29 mg.l-1. Observed crayfish response to the disinfectant varied among individuals which could be explained by a different functional state and individual reaction on stimuli. Diurnal rhythm of some crayfish was disturbed even at a lower concentrations of chlorine dioxide (0.01-0.2 mg.l-1), while higher concentrations affected all animals. In addition to that, higher levels of chlorine dioxide ( 0.2 mg.l-1) significantly increased mortality. Maximum concentrations (0.2-0.29 mg.l-1) were observed 28 times in total during 202 days of monitoring, which resulted in 25 mortality cases occurred several days after exposure. In average, mortality of crayfish occurred three-four weeks after stocking to the experimental system. Possible lethal concentration of ClO2, which caused animal mortality, is 0.2 mg.l-1. Results suggested that crayfish exposure to ClO2, obviously, negatively affect their physiological processes; however, further studies are needed to examine specific effects of chlorine dioxide on internal organs of crayfish.

A life cycle of many known algae is influenced by the circadian clock. It seems probable that also Chromera velia, the closest known photosynthetic relative to Apicomplexa, uses circadian oscillator. We tested, if fluctuating of zoospore?s abundance is driven by the circadian clock. This rhythm is stable even in the constant light condition. Furthermore, three cryptochrome genes, involved in circadian rhythms, were sequenced and consequently phylogenetically investigated. Two of them were classified as CRY-DASH, the third is CRY-DASH-like. The rhythmicity of CRY-DASH expression in C. velia was also investigated. The level of expression was also tested under constant light and dark condition. It was suggested that expression of these genes is associated with the circadian oscillator. This is the first study of the circadian clock in C. velia.

This diploma thesis deals with changes in body weight during the year depending on circadian typology of adolescent girls. The theoretical part focuses on the specification of the development period of adolescence, body weight, biorhythms and sleep. The research is particularly concerned with oscillation of body weight during the adolescent girls period of one calendar year depending on the influence of different seasons. A partial survey of the research subject is the relationship between BMI and individual chronotype. Specifically, it was examined whether chronotype Lark lower average BMI during the period of one calendar year than the owl chronotype. The research section provides further knowledge on the composition and eating chronotype, and in terms of rationality and regularity of catering. One of the subjects of the thesis is also chronotype influence the dietary habits of individuals, namely their unsuitability.

This thesis deals with the mental and social health of adolescents in relation to their circadian rhythm. The theoretical part is focused on the fundamental insight into the problems of mental and social health, the definition and characterization of adolescence, the idea of circadian rhythms and sleep hygiene is also included. As for the research section, the default file survey was formed by 300 adolescents aged 15-18 years from secondary schools in České Budějovice in proportion of 150 girls and 150 boys. The average age of respondents was 16 years. Data were obtained under the project No. GAJU 101/2011/S "psychosocial and somatic parameters in comparison to the circadian rhythm" during the period September 2011 - March 2012. The method of research questions was formed by the selection of 2 standardized questionnaires. The questions of the concept of social quality of life questionnaire, Cummins (1997), ComQoL - S5 which was translated and adapted for the conditions of the Czech Republic. The issues related to the circadian rhythms are selected from the circadian typology questionnaire, CIT (Harada, Krejci, 2010). The data obtained were analyzed by using basic statistical methods and calculations.

The thesis is tracking changes in body weight of 15 to 20-year-old male adolescents during one calendar year in the context of a season and typology of a personality in the circadian rhythm area where probands are figuratively categorized into ?larks? whose activity is the highest in the morning hours and ?owls?, in other words people who are more active in the afternoon and evening hours. The theoretical part of the thesis tries to clear key concepts of the research work and the whole thesis alone. The practical part of the thesis explains and describes specific procedures, methods, results, goals and practical recommendations of the project.

In this diploma thesis deals with the issue of quality of life for children in primary school Zliv. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part focuses on characterizing the quality of life, a period of pubescence and the basic needs of children. In the practical part deals with research using questionnaires, which determines the value orientation and other areas of life-style, health and happiness. In the final stage, I present the results obtained, which are evaluated and graphically presented.

The main topic of this thesis are changes in Circadian rhythms caused by cerebellar disorders. Mice with Lurcher mutation, which have specifically degenerated Purkinje cells layer, were choosen as animal model. Our results show that mutation of the glutamate receptor GluRδ2, which causes gradual degeneration of Purkinje cells, leads to damage of Circadian system. Mice with this mutation have reduced capability to adapt to external conditions in different light modes. They are also showing increased variability in endogenous cycle. The mice are also unable to show anticipatory behavior in time-restricted feeding. Compared to control group, affected mice do not show significant rhythm in levels of protein of Bmal1 gene in suprachiasmatic nuclei, paraventricular nuclei nor in habenula. Phosphorylated kinases ERK1/2 and GSK3ß also had distorted rhythms in suprachiasmatic nuclei. Because Circadian oscillations in locomotor activity are partly preserved, Circadian system is likely not damaged on molecular level. Cerebellar mutation hampers synchronization between suprachiasmatic nuclei of neurons and can also affect processes in the ventromedial hypothalamus regulating food intake. Our findings are the first to suggest functional interactions between cerebellum and Circadian pacemaker in suprachiasmatic...

Circadian rhythm of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is well documented, but its physiological role is not fully understood. In healthy individuals, biochemical markers of bone remodeling follow a similar circadian rhythm to PTH with a nocturnal rise in bone resorption and formation. The loss of PTH diurnal variation was observed not only in primary hyperparathyroidism, but also in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Continuously elevated concentrations of PTH lead to excessive stimulation of bone resorption, whereas intermittent PTH administration has a strong osteoanabolic effect in patients with osteoporosis. It has not been examined whether the skeletal sensitivity to PTH action depends also on the time of its application. The aim of our study was to verify the hypothesis that the application of teriparatide (TPTD, recombinant human PTH [1-34]) at different times of the day in the context of its diurnal variability affects the physiological circadian rhythm of bone remodeling and also the bone mineral density (BMD) after the long-term TPTD treatment. Fourteen women with postmenopausal osteoporosis treated with 20 micrograms of TPTD daily, applied subcutaneously either in the morning or evening, were included in the first study. The concentration of serum C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen...

Current models state that insect peripheral oscillators are directly responsive to light, while mammalian peripheral clock genes are coordinated by a master clock in the brain via intermediate factors, possibly hormonal. We show that the expression levels of two circadian clock genes, period (per) and Par Domain Protein 1 (Pdp1) in the peripheral tisue of an insect model species are inversely affected by contrasting photoperiods. The effect of photoperiod on per and Pdp1 mRNA levels was found to be mediated by the juvenile hormone. Our results provide the first experimental evidence for hormonal regulation of circadian clock gene expression in insects.

Many processes in mammalian body exhibit circadian rhythms. These rhythms are driven by an intricate system composed of the central pacemaker, suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) in the brain, which entrains the peripheral oscillators in various organs, such as pancreas, liver, colon and lungs. Circadian clocks are autonomously driven in each cell based on molecular circuits involving so called clock genes, such as BMAL, CLOCK, PER and CRY. Age- dependent impairment of physiological functions of mammalian body, such as behaviour and metabolic functions, has been well documented. However, it has not been fully elucidated whether the impairment is linked with worsening of the circadian clock function. The aim of our study was to find out whether i) aging affects basic properties of the circadian clock in SCN and peripheral organs, such as pancreas, colon, liver and lungs, ii) aging- induced changes in glucose homeostasis affect the properties of the circadian clock in the pancreas, and iii) the sensitivity of circadian clock in SCN and peripheral organs to disturbances in environmental lightning conditions is altered during aging. We used groups of adult (9 months) and aged (25 months) animals which were subjected to 3 different light regimes, namely to light/dark regime (LD 12:12), constant light (LL) and...